[Module 3] Stages of Fetal Development

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of fetal development?

Answer 1

Preembryonic
Embryonic
Fetal

Question 2

the stage of first 2 weeks, beginning with fertilization

Answer 2

Preembryonic stage

Question 3

stafe of fetal development from weeks 3 through 8

Answer 3

Embryonic

Question 4

Period of fetal development from week 8 through birth

Answer 4

Fetal

Question 5

Refers from ovulation to fertilization

Answer 5

Ovum

Question 6

Terms used that refers from fertilization to implantation

Answer 6

Zygote

Question 7

Refers to the period of implantation to 5- 8 weeks

Answer 7

Embryo

Question 8

Refers to the period from 5-8 weeks until term

Answer 8

Fetus

Question 9

It refers to the developing embryo & placental structures throughout pregnancy

Answer 9

Conceptus

Question 10

It is the earliest age at which fetuses survive if born is generally accepted as 24 weeks or at the point a fetus weighs more than 500-600 g

Answer 10

Age of Viability

Question 11

physiologic removal of acrosome(cap) of the sperm

Answer 11

capacitation

Question 12

final process that sperm must undergo to be ready for fertilization

Answer 12

capacitation

Question 13

reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg

Answer 13

Acrosome reaction

Question 14

proteolytic enzyme released by the spermatozoa

Answer 14

Hyaluronidase

Question 15

This enzyme acts to dissolve layers of cells protecting the ovum

Answer 15

Hyaluronidase

Question 16

these are cells that encircle the zona pellucida

Answer 16

corona radiata

Question 17

This is the protective covering of the ovum

Answer 17

Zona Pellicuda

Question 18

refers to the action that the ovum becomes impenetrable to other sperm

Answer 18

zona reaction

Question 19

fertilization is never a certain occurrence because it depends on at least three separate factors, what are these factors?

Answer 19

-Equal maturation of both sperm and ovum

-Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum

-Ability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane and achieve fertilization

Question 20

what is the lifespan of the ovum?

Answer 20

24-48 hours

Question 21

lifespan of the sperm is what?

Answer 21

48-72 hours

Question 22

Pregnant women state that she waddles when she walks. What causes this?

Answer 22

Relaxation of the Pelvic Joints

Question 23

group of physiological & behavioral manifestation experienced by the husband, often the result of stress anxiety & empathy for the pregnant women

Answer 23

Couvade Syndrome

Question 24

A hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells which allows the corpus luteum to continue its function after fertilization

Answer 24

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 25

fingerlike projections that reach out from the trophoblast cells into the uterine endometrium to begin formation of the placenta.

Answer 25

Chorionic Villi

Question 26

These are the terms used when the blastocyst brushes against uterine endometrium, then attaches to indumentum, and finally settles down into soft folds of endometrium respectively.

Answer 26

Apposition, Adhesion, Invasion

Question 27

the process wherein the zygote burrows into the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 27

Implantation

Question 28

explain how implantation works.

Answer 28

-From zygote [takes 8-10 days after fertilization] -Zygote migrates at 3-4 days to the body of the uterus -Mitotic Cell Division Takes Place, from [Cleavage]--[Blastomere]--[Morula]--[Blastocyst]--[Apposition]--[Adhesion]--[Invasion]

Question 29

How does the placenta come into existence?

Answer 29

It arises out of the trophoblast tissue (fusion of chorionic villi and decidua basalis

Question 30

is a connection between the umbilical vein & ascending vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.

Answer 30

Ductus Venosus

Question 31

a connection between the pulmonary trunk & aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.

Answer 31

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 32

is an opening between the right & left atria during fetal life, also bypassing the fetal lungs.

Answer 32

Foramen Ovale

Question 33

Hormone that maintains the endometrial lining for its growth reduce the contractility of the uterus during pregnancy, thus preventing premature labor.

Answer 33

Progesterone

Question 34

Hormone with both growth-promoting & w/ lactogenic properties (milk producing) regulates maternal glucose, protein and fat levels to ensure adequate amount of these are always available to the fetus.

Answer 34

Estrogen

Question 35

What are the two parts of the amniotic membranes?

Answer 35

Chorion - outer part Amnion - inner part

Question 36

dual-walled sac with the chorion as the outmost part and the amnion as the innermost part

Answer 36

The amniotic fluid

Question 37

formed from the fetal membranes, the amnion and chorion

Answer 37

The umbilical cord

Question 38

what is the normal length of the umbilical cord?

Answer 38

53 centimeters

Question 39

what does the umbilical cord contain(s)?

Answer 39

Arteries and Veins Wharton’s Jelly Amniotic Membrane Rate of blood flow Nerve supply

Question 40

insulate & protect umbilical cord in the womb

Answer 40

Wharton;s jelly

Question 41

respiratory & digestive tracts exist as a single tube in what week of life? when does it split? when does the diaphragm is starting to divide the thoracic cavity from the abdomen? is the time when the alveoli and capillaries begin to form surfactant - a lipoprotein produce by alveolar cells

Answer 41

3rd week, end of fourth week 7th week between 24th to 28th week

Question 42

Term used for excessive saliva production. particularly present in gravida patients

Answer 42

ptyalism

Question 43

Term used for heartburn

Answer 43

pyrosis

Question 44

how much of an increase in heart rate do gravida patients experience?

Answer 44

10-15bpm

Question 45

Refers to the situation where the bladder cannot entirely or effectively empty during urination.

Answer 45

Urinary Stasis

Question 46

Refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms

Answer 46

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Question 47

Refers to the term of excessive sweating, particularly in gravid patients

Answer 47

Diaphoresis

Question 48

During the first three months of pregnancy, what are the hormones that the corpus luteum

Answer 48

estrogen and progesterone

Question 49

Do pregnant women experience slight hypothyroidism and hypoplasia changes in their endocrine system?

Answer 49

No, they experience slight - - - - Hyperthyroidism, Hyperplasia

Question 50

This germ tissue develops into the CNS and PNS

Answer 50

Ectoderm

Question 51

This germ tissue develops into our skin, hair, nails, and tooth enamel

Answer 51

ectoderm

Question 52

where our sensory organs originated, as well as our mucous membranes of the anus, mouth and nose, and the mammary glands

Answer 52

ectoderm

Question 53

where our connective tissues, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons originated

Answer 53

Mesoderm

Question 54

composes of the upper portion of the urinary system (kidneys & ureters) reproductive system, heart, lymph and circulatory system and blood cells

Answer 54

Mesoderm

Question 55

Where the: lining of the pericardial, pleura, and peritoneal cavities, lining of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, tonsils, parathyroid, thyroid, and thymus glands , and makes up the lower urinary system (bladder & urethra) originated.

Answer 55

Mesoderm