Module 4

Question 1

The two major elements of human geography

Answer 1

Population
Culture

Question 2

Canadas population approx.

Answer 2

38 Million

Question 3

Three factors of population growth in canada

Answer 3

Territorial expansion
Natural increase
immigration

Question 4

Migration is the result of what?

Answer 4

Push and pull factors

Question 5

After 1986, what is the main reason for population increase?

Answer 5

Immigration

Question 6

What determines population change?

Answer 6

births, deaths, and migration

Question 7

What are the factors behind the decline in both fertility and mortality?

Answer 7

Improvements in public health
Birth rate driven by social and economic factors

Question 8

What amount of Canadas population does immigration account for (%)

Answer 8

68%

Question 9

Where do the bulk of immigrants settle?

Answer 9

Major Cities

Question 10

Where do most of our immigrants come from today?

Answer 10

Asia

Question 11

What is ontarios population density

Answer 11

13.6

Question 12

Where is Canadas population concentrated

Answer 12

CAN-US border

Question 13

What provinces were the slowest growing regions?

Answer 13

Quebec and Atlantic provinces

Question 14

Core Zone (Most densely populated)

Answer 14

Great Lakes - St Lawrence Lowlands

Question 15

Secondary Zone

Answer 15

Moderately populated (Narrow band along southern Canada

Question 16

Tertiary Zone

Answer 16

Sparsely populated (Boreal forest, stretches across mid-canada)

Question 17

Empty Zone

Answer 17

Isolated settlements (Arctic and northern edge of the boreal forest)

Question 18

What are the two most densely populated zones referred to as?

Answer 18

National Ecumene

Question 19

What % of Canadians live in urban areas?

Answer 19

83%

Question 20

What are the six largest CMAs?

Answer 20

Toronto
Montreal
Calgary
Vancouver
Edmonton
Ottawa-Gatineau

Question 21

Three factors behind the urban population increase

Answer 21

o Arrival of immigrants in large cities
o Rural Canadians leaving for urban places, especially to the largest cities
o Indigenous peoples moving to urban areas,
especially in Western Canada

Question 22

Stages of Growth Theory? (3)

Answer 22

Rural society
Urbanization
Urban society

Question 23

What is a CMA?

Answer 23

Census Metropolitan Area
(An urban area with adjacent urban and rural areas that have a high degree of social and economic integration)

Question 24

What % of Canadians live in CMAs?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

What are the attractions of cities?

Answer 25

* Business and employment opportunities * Amenities are readily available * Technological innovation * Capital accumulation * Presence of major educational institutions (universities)

Question 26

What are the challenges facing Canadian cities?

Answer 26

* Urban sprawl * Heavy costs for infrastructure * Retail competition (suburbs vs. downtown) * Transportation and traffic congestion * Lack of power of municipal governments to raise money

Question 27

How does the rate of urbanization vary across Canada?

Answer 27

* Ontario and BC have highest urban populations * Atlantic Canada and Territorial North have lowest * Western Canada experiencing largest changes

Question 28

The trend to an older population is driven by what 3 factors ?

Answer 28

o Decreased fertility rate o Increase in life expectancy o Movement of the baby boom generation into retirement and old age

Question 29

What was the indigenous population at the LOW point?

Answer 29

105,611

Question 30

What is the indigenous population today?`

Answer 30

almost 2 million

Question 31

What percentage and where do the most indigenous people reside?

Answer 31

80% in Western Canada, Ontario, and BC

Question 32

What are the 4 core values to Canadian culture?

Answer 32

* Government is based on British parliamentary institutions and the rule of law * Two official languages * Indigenous peoples have special rights * Tradition and law are in the Canadian Constitution

Question 33

Ethnicity

Answer 33

o Ethnic group: members of a population who share a culture that is distinct from other groups o Culture: the learned collective behaviour of a group of people

Question 34

Language

Answer 34

o A key component of ethnicity o Link to the past and tool for maintaining culture o Two official languages in Canada o 80% of Canadians speak English or French as first language o 98% of Canadians speak either English or French

Question 35

Religion

Answer 35

o Key element of culture o Canada has increasingly moved toward secularism, though it’s thought of as a Christian country * Especially Quebec with its recent adoption of removing religious symbols from public places o Canada has become religiously diverse

Question 36

Multiculturalism

Answer 36

o The cornerstone of Canada’s social policy towards newcomers approach to equality and respect o It emerged as a policy in 1971 o In 1988, the federal government passed the Canadian Multiculturalism Act

Question 37

Key Cultural issues (3)

Answer 37

o Newcomers and Canadian Culture o French/English Language Imbalance o Cultural Damage and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Question 38

Past Chief generators of wealth

Answer 38

1. Agriculture 2. Resource development 3. Manufacturing

Question 39

The Early Fur Trade

Answer 39

* Beginning in 1500s Native Americans, now known as the First Nations: begin trade with European fishermen along Atlantic coast * French and English trappers and traders expand westward

Question 40

What is a voyageur?

Answer 40

French-Canadian boatmen that transport pelts to trading posts

Question 41

Two Canadian economies

Answer 41

Manufacturing Resource Development

Question 42

Canadian resource development

Answer 42

* Farming, mining - increasingly important * Fishing, logging - decreasing importance

Question 43

What % of Canadians work in manufacturing?

Answer 43

17%

Question 44

Labour force % men/women

Answer 44

53% men 47% women

Question 45

Major forces that determined workforce shift

Answer 45

o Settling of Western lands o Mechanization of agriculture o Automation o Offshoring of manufacturing to developing countries

Question 46

what is GDP?

Answer 46

(gross domestic product) represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a year

Question 47

Economic categories of Canadas provinces

Answer 47

* The core (Ontario and Quebec) * Rapidly growing (British Columbia and Western Canada) * Slow-growing (Atlantic Canada) * Resource frontier (Territorial North)