MODULE 4

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

a condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

an organism that causes diseases

Question 3

communicable disease

Answer 3

a disease that can spread between organisms

Question 4

direct transmission

Answer 4

when a disease is transmitted directly from one organism to another

Question 5

indirect transmission

Answer 5

when a disease is transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate

Question 6

t helper cells

Answer 6

release substances to activate B lymphocytes and t killer cells

Question 7

t killer cells

Answer 7

attach to and kill cells that are infected with a virus

Question 8

t regulatory cells

Answer 8

these suppress the immune response from other white blood cells

Question 9

active natural immunity

Answer 9

when you become immune after catching a disease

Question 10

active artificial immunity

Answer 10

when you become immune after you’ve been given a vaccination containing a harmless dose of antigen

Question 11

passive natural immunity

Answer 11

when a baby becomes immune due to the antibodies it receives from the mother through placenta and in breast milk

Question 12

passive artificial immunity

Answer 12

when you become immune after being injected with antibodies from someone else

Question 13

autoimmune disease

Answer 13

when an organisms immune system is not able to recognise self antigens, chronic disease

Question 14

antibiotic

Answer 14

chemicals that kill of inhibit the growth of bacteria

Question 15

personalised medicines

Answer 15

medicine that are tailored to an individuals DNA

Question 16

synthetic biology

Answer 16

involves using technology to design and make things like artificial proteins, cells and microorganisms

Question 17

biodiversity

Answer 17

the variety of living organisms in an area

Question 18

habitat diversity

Answer 18

the number of different habitats in an area

Question 19

species diversity

Answer 19

the number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area

Question 20

genetic diversity

Answer 20

the variation of alleles within a species

Question 21

systematic sampling

Answer 21

when samples are taken at fixed intervals along a line

Question 22

opportunistic sampling

Answer 22

when samples are chosen by the investigator, simple to carry out so biased

Question 23

stratified sampling

Answer 23

when different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole.

Question 23

species evenness

Answer 23

a measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area

Question 24

species richness

Answer 24

the number of different species in an area

Question 25

polymorphism

Answer 25

a locus that has 2 or more alleles

Question 26

in situ conservation

Answer 26

it involves protecting species in their natural habitat

Question 27

ex situ conservation

Answer 27

involves protecting a species by removing part of the population from threatened habitat and placing it in a new location

Question 28

Rio convention on biological diversity

Answer 28

aims to develop international strategies on the conservation of biodiversity and how to use animal and plant resources in a sustainable way

Question 29

CITIES agreement

Answer 29

is an agreement designed to increase international cooperation in regulating trade in wild animal and plant specimens

Question 30

The countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 30

aims to conserve wildlife and biodiversity, and to improve and extend wild life habitats by promoting specific management techniques to landowners

Question 31

classification

Answer 31

the act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences. easier for scientists to identify and study them

Question 32

taxonomy

Answer 32

the study of classification

Question 33

phylogeny

Answer 33

the study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms tells us who is related to whom and how closely they are related

Question 34

molecular evidence

Answer 34

the similarities in DNA and proteins

Question 35

embryological evidence

Answer 35

the similarities in the early stages of an organisms development

Question 36

anatomical evidence

Answer 36

the similarities in structure and function of different body parts

Question 37

behavioural evidence

Answer 37

the similarities in behaviour and social organisation of organisms

Question 38

behavioural adaptations

Answer 38

way an organism acts that increase its chances of survival

Question 39

physiological adaptations

Answer 39

processes inside an organisms body that increase its chances of survival

Question 40

anatomical adaptations

Answer 40

structural features of an organisms body that increase its chances of survival

Question 41

marsupial mammals

Answer 41

kangaroos have a short gestation period dont develop full placenta are born early in their development are climb into their mothers pouch

Question 42

placental mammals

Answer 42

have a longer gestation period develop a placenta during pregnancy which allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the fetus and the mother