Module 4 Flashcards

Question

Expulsion of Adam and Eve

Answer 1

Masaccio nude bodies modeled after Classical Greek

Answer 2

Masaccio use of accurate single point perspective architectural frame showing ionic and corinthian columns

Answer 3

The Florentine Friar Painter Monasteries- social and religious import Friar and painter at Sam Marco Monastery in Florence Annunciation

Answer 4

Florentine painter used perspective Last Supper

Answer 5

Castagno comissioned from dining hall of monastery Sant'Apollonia new development- psychological introspection of drama- each Apostle have own expression inspired by Classical- colorful Near Eastern Chimera

Answer 6

Fresco- Christ delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter

Answer 7

culmination of single-point perspective founding myth of Vatican triumphal arches (Arch of COnstantine) comissioned by Pope Sixtus IV

Answer 8

use of extreme foreshortening of human body to achieve 3D Room for Newlyweds fresco Dead Christ painting

Answer 9

Mantegna- Fresco comissioned by ruler of Mantua- Gonzaga for wedding Mantuan court life with group, duke's family, and himself roman wall paintings of Pompeii oculus- eye to sky- ceiling di sotto in su (seen from below)

Answer 10

Mantagna- painting foreshortenting- staring at feet precedence over message of Redemption

Answer 11

during time a monk (savonarola) condemned hedonism of Renaissance as heretic and return to Christian balues= outsted Medicis Renaissance artist lost most important patron Italy put more emphasis on ideas of sin and repentace

Answer 12

Damned Cast into Hell fresco Savonarola's effect on art

Answer 13

find sculptor for east doors of Florence baptistery two finalist- Brunelleschi and Ghiberti story of Isaac, Gothic= Quatrefoil

Answer 14

angel coming out and stopping the hand violence is present distorted "scary"

Answer 15

drama classical canon of male nude muscalutture anatomy of body comp is 3D, animated, wind-swept

Answer 16

went to architecture built dome of Florence Cathedral

Answer 17

comission to fill niches of sculpture's guild Four Crowned Saints

Answer 18

represent CHristian sculptors who lived at time of Emperor Diocletian- refuse to sculpt images of emperor and executed classical, free-standing figure- not engage in wall classical drapery, proportions, unique physiognomy advertisement for sculptor's guild

Answer 19

Revival of Classical Nude also create sculpture for niches of the guild- Or San Michele finanaced by linen drapers guild St. Mark David

Answer 20

first completely free-standing sculpture on building since CLassical antiquity bends knee in contrapposto more life-like (Kritios)

Answer 21

first free standing classical nude figure since antiquity reinvigorate proportions canon and contrapposto Daid, Goliath slayer symbolic for republic of FLorence commissioned by Medici David- introspective, quiet, classical, looking towards head (down) in humility

Answer 22

not nude but contours of body visible David is brash, confident, self-assertive, gaze directed to spectator, more mature

Answer 23

Brunelleschi created it Giotto Bondone- painter- designed the bell tower build dome composed of ogival (pointed arch) sections with ribs for internal reinforcement thin, double shell for reducing pressure on base compression ring inserted on base

Answer 24

coming back after being ousted by Savonarola's campaing, more careful about wealth flounting Michelozzo Bartolommeo took over project hyprid structure of palace and fortress facade- heavily rusticated, adorned with increasingly refined structure going up- heavy cornice inner courtyard light and airy- corinthian

Answer 25

Architect and Mathematician deisgner, builder, translator and commentator on Vitruvius' texts on architecture Church of Santa Maria Novella facade west facade of church of Sant'Andrea in Mantua

Answer 26

Alberti marble patter completely symmetrical, sense of rythym designed according to mathematical ratios- symmetry lateral scrolls- upper portion with rose window

Answer 27

temple like elevation merged with triumphal arch rigidly symmetrical and utilizes mathematical ratios as design principles

Answer 28

similar easthetic denominators symmetry, rythym, rationality, mastery of space, focus of human form and proportions, interest in reviving Ancient Greek and Roman works

Answer 29

regions of Flanders (belgium) and Burgundy- created Dutchy of Burgundy- Philip the Good ruled= art lover and patron economic prosperity through wool trade with Italy stock exchange created-Bourse- first use of credit instruments

Answer 30

interest in devotional images small religious paintings to be displayed and used for prayer in private home lingering Medieval pre-occupation with sin, damnation, and redemption moralizing themes, either showing how to live righteous life, or condemning sinful life by showing what not to do

Answer 31

invention of oil paints (oil glazes) applied to panels (not canvas) Ghent Altarpiece lot of symbolic meaning smaller scale portratis- man in red turban Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

Answer 32

Jan Van Eyck polyptych- altarpiece with multiple wings/hinged panels tracery patterns emphasis on gold and jewels- metaphor for riches one can expect in heaven Christ- 12 apostles- Mary- Holy Confessors

Answer 33

one of first landscape painting since Classical

Answer 34

Jan Van Eyck first self portrait since classical inscription- As I can milestone for expressing self aware, self affirming modern consciousness through mirrors and portraits

Answer 35

Jan Van Eyck private commision to commemorate the marriage - visual marriage contract private art- strong religious overtones dog- fidelity single lit candle- God's all seeing eye medallion surrounding mirror- illustrate scenes of Passion of Christ wooden shoes- wedding gift from Husband Sociological dimension- rise of Middle Class; material culture; creation of merchants; trade netowrks

Answer 36

Rogier Van der Weyden triptych one of first oil paintings- oil on wood comissioned by archer's guild in louvain- hidden crossbows on spandrels emphasis of richness of cloth

Answer 37

FLemish arting commissioned by Italian patron Van der Goes figure type (large, bearded figures) manner landscape is depicted (midieval architecture, green vegetation) Northern European- sensation among Italy

Answer 38

increasing emphasis on private prayer and devotion over course of century leading to the Reformation allegory for Hoseph trapping devil (mousetraps)

Answer 39

tyiptych depict life as carnal orgy earthly delights- deeply moralizing overtones alchemy, nudity, Hwaven and Hell no idea about intention or if religious

Answer 40

15-16 century age of technical innovations of art, scientific discoceies, revival of Classical Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Universal Man- Da Vinci human experience is center of universe

Answer 41

sack of Rome by German soldiers in 1527

Answer 42

Botticelli poem by humanist writer polizinao= mimiched verse and themes of Roman times about Roman gods Venus, Zephyrus, typle product of humanist culture aticipates artistic trends of High Renaissance

Answer 43

not only reappreciate classical past but also recreate it through art and literature

Answer 44

iconography not only exclusive religious hedonistic subject volumetric bodies and mytholigical characters

Answer 45

milirary engineering, geography, anatomy, sculpture, painting master of psychological introspection atmospheric perspective (misty soft focus) Virgin on the Rocks The LAst Supper Mona Lisa mystic- intellectural, scientific, artistic interest

Answer 46

Da Vinci atmospheric perspective (misty, soft focus) pyramidal comp cave setting- never had that env for religious works before St, John blessed by Christ, Mary, angel- know each other well, loving relationship first introduction of tender emotions

Answer 47

large related sketch of virgin on the rocks even more relaxed conventions than painting Christ child playing with St. John, emotional ties even stronger atmospheric perspective

Answer 48

Da Vinci mural for dining hall of Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie emphasis on the Eurcharist single point perspective- vanishing point Christ's head original one deteriorated- restoration campaigns

Answer 49

Da Vinci depict Lisa di Antonio Maria Gherardini atmospheric perspective- Sfumato- smoky manner popular because of theft in 1911

Answer 50

Sculptor 3 perspective- painting, architecture, sculpture Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

Answer 51

Michelangelo 5800 square feet, curvaturre of celing, 70 ft distance from floor work up close on scaffold directly under ceiling design on papers, held close to wall, charcoal traced, then filled with paint central strip illustrate Genesis central panel- Creation of Adam and Fall of Adam and Eve starting point- Separatte light and dark ending point- drunkeness of Noah

Answer 52

Michelangelo seven years after sack of Rome Reformation well under way Counter Reformation- loved arts- most people illiterate Risen Christ of judgement day- Saved souls near and marytrs (Heaven) bottom- anguished souls tortured (Hell) Back to Middle Ages- crises getting to him

Answer 53

Stanza della Segnatura- 4 walls represent Theology, Law, Poetry, Philospohy Moadonna and Child seen as sweet/sentimental (3rd best) created Philosophy wall

Answer 54

Raphael imaginary gathering of greatest thinkers from all ages (Plato, Aristotle, ancient philosphers) typical of infatuation with Humanist culture

Answer 55

oil panel epitome of HIgh REnaissance style Raphael combine Leonardo and Michelangelo based on stories called GOlden LEgend single point perspective and classical architecture- central round temple surrounded by Roman arcade

Answer 56

no classical past central trading hub- very wealthy oligarchy very concertned with art and architecture aesthetically- color, airiness, decorative qualities

Answer 57

defined cinquecento- consisted of spledid colors and serenity of composition Sacra Coversazione Bright Colors

Answer 58

fictional conversation of saints and biblical figures assembled across ages and locations

Answer 59

Giorgione secular art connotations with music making and poetry

Answer 60

color- red and blue shepherds- idealize stress-free and serene lifestyle subject of carefree parties of men in luxurious dress in parl picked up again in Rococo art

Answer 61

brings together religious and civic virtues emphasize surface, texture, color of work, but not the content or design Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne Venus of Urbino

Answer 62

TItal humanist uncertainties of event depicted and artist ambivalent intentions part of appeal

Answer 63

established conventions for portriats of reclining female nudes until end of 19th century- emphasis of sensuality and ambiguity

Answer 64

epitome of High Renaissance sculpture and civic monument of Florence carved from single block of marble left over theme identical to Donatello and Verrocchio did young man, not adolescent- who is self assured and vigilant BEFORE fighting goliath political allegory- telling people to be watchful always as enemies could be on prowl

Answer 65

Michelangelo Moses Bound Slave

Answer 66

almost finished Michelangelo work struggle to free themselves from bondage interest in study of anatomy and figures in action

Answer 67

draft plan for new St. Peter's Cathedral High REnaissance- symmetry, regularity, measure defined by idea of nine interlocking crosses, covered by large cupola Michelangelo simplified it

Answer 68

Bramante design that was built little temple inspiration of found temples of classical two concentric circles, one for columns, one for inner sanctuary most perfect form is circle

Answer 69

simplified Bramante's project of St. Peter's Greek Cross Plan with lateral chapters Facade- rhythmical and highly ornate staccato of Corinthian pilasters marks transition to Mannerist and Baroque architecture

Answer 70

celebrates qualities like artificially and distorted forms style of excess and exaggeration Renaissance order, symmetry, proportions abandoned elongated figures (figura serpentinata) vertical orientation ambiguous space hypher-sophistication and decadence

Answer 71

no central focus rendering space ambiguous figures elonfated and flaccid (spineless) weightless- twist in space pastel colors

Answer 72

epitome of mannerist style body parts lose all proportional relationships Figura Serpentinata "Serpentine Figure" setting imbued with decadent air of luxuriousness- proprs like curtains, amphora vase, cushion for Virgin's throne free standing white column

Answer 73

portrays time as bearded man hedonism- enjoyment for senses sake and without remorse poreclain whiteness of bodies- artificioso- anything that is artifical or contrived

Answer 74

remodel his stables into a pleasure palace rusticated blocks of masonry disruption of regularity, geometry, and measure sliding triglyphs- crushing on passerby portruding keystones- palace on edge of collapse humorous and ironical

Answer 75

Romano heaven collapsing- gians try to hold up columns supporitng heaven central spot marked by terrazzo floor

Answer 76

paint on monumental scale primary representative of Mannerism in Venetian painting official painter of republic artist are independent minded from Church

Answer 77

Supposed to be Last Supper but takes place in loggia of upper-class Palazzo that oligarch yowned bustling with well dressed guests, dogs, jesters, attendents

Answer 78

Veronese Civic virtue higher than religious- expressed in art and architecture fire in palace- repleace decorations female personification of Venice crowned and born aloft in clouds- framed by architecture, twised columns, military heroes, upper class, lion of St. Mark excessiveness of visual content

Answer 79

one trigger is sale of indulgences to deeply devout population (exemption of purgatory for coin) Pope Julius II selling, financial problems because of warfare and beautifying vatican Martin Luther- objected indulgences 95 THeses, Bible into German

Answer 80

personal accountability to God punitive consequences of sin reject intercession og saints Church interiors sparce and not have artwork emphasis on word, or music, not visual iconoclastic Bible is sole authority on spiritual matters

Answer 81

Catholic Church response to Protestant Reformation Council of Trent- Churches have splendid artworks and decorations to reach an illiterate population gave rise to Baroque Style

Answer 82

German speaking counteis center of Protestantism Netherland's north is protestant Netherlands south (belgium) Catholic

Answer 83

leading artist from age of Reformation ties to art and publishing industires first northern artist to fully understand and apply to innovations of Italian Renaissance- perspective and correct human anatomy important accomplishments in printmaking

Answer 84

audacious to portray in frontal pose- reserved for representations of Chirst mimic Christ's act of blessing

Answer 85

charged with symbolic meaning interprested in variety of ways Knight defies death and the Devil dog is companion (fidelty) lizard is sin one is that flashback to Crusades and renewed threat of Ottoman Turks other is that for the soldier, Death and Devil not antagonist but attributes of his profession

Answer 86

different from others bc of context put in city Hall put St. Peter (Vatican- Keys) in background and put St. John (Bible) in front REformation expressed

Answer 87

completed before Reformation but alludes to ethical issues point that material and commercial concerns needs to be balanced with spiritual and religious concerns money changer is weighing coins, wife is reading Bible

Answer 88

Netherland apart because of interest in low life or genre scenes genre- everyday scenes from commoners lives depcit peasant, village life, and country in uncouth behavior- still look out of fairytale Satirical and fantasy artist

Answer 89

17-18th century- literature, music, art, architecture emphasis on convoluted forms- spiral colimns, heightened emotionalism, intense religiosity, theratricality, rapture, irrationality, over-decoration combined with Catholicism first found in Vatican

Answer 90

sculptor and architect- defiened Baroque style in Rome Baldacchino infused with emotionalism and drama in sculptures

Answer 91

Bernini giant bronze canopy- 100 ft high- spot where St. Peter is buried defined by 4 spiral columns with bronze over decorated- vines and bees on columns theatricality- viewer's glance drawn from canopy to Cathedra Petri

Answer 92

Bernini Illuminated from hidden light source niche of colored marble, gold, architectural decorations streeses belief, devotion, and pietry over reason

Answer 93

defined Baroque painting painted conversation of Pharisee Saul to St. Paul use indirect light sources, situated in night settings, introduce dramatic highlights most of art is biblical great strength was to depict real, everyday people Calling of St. Matthew

Answer 94

night scenes with strong contrasts and indirect light outside of picture frame assocaited with Caravaggio and Baroque art

Answer 95

Christ enter house of Levi- Tax collector- become St. Matthew Tenebrist small hint of trace of halo above Christ's face master of psychological renderings impact on contempory painters

Answer 96

Bologna- own group of masters founded local art academy Flight into Egypt Love of the Gods

Answer 97

Carracci figure group with Holy Family in foreground secondary to landscape landscape is idealized- cultured nature setting with evidence of human intervention and Mediterranean flora

Answer 98

Carracci fresco ceiling is barrel vaulted and curving illusion of collection of framed pictures influenced by michelangelo and sistine chapel

Answer 99

Spain hotbed- Habsburg strong supporter of Catholicism and Vatican

Answer 100

transition from Mannerism to the Baroque in Spain not native Spaniard, Greece, trained in Venice and learned about Mannerist Style first to introduce innovations of Italian later REnaissance to country Burial of Count Orgaz

Answer 101

benefacto of Church of Santo Tome where passing caused much grief composition follows typical Baroque formula of separating the wordly and heavenly realm into two levels Upper half- Orgaz welcomed into heaven lower half- burial attended by dignitaries of Toledo visionary and mysterious quality- strong black and white contrasts and swirling clouds figures unnaturally elongated- mannerist concieved to stir religious fervor in believer

Answer 102

Ribera foregrounding of saints and their suffering Plebian figure- old, bearded, emaciated Caravaggio's influence

Answer 103

Zurbaran painted for monastic order of Mercy- funerary chapel Serapion on 3rd Crusade, preaching Gospel to Muslims, captured, tortured, beheaded Suffering of Saint is emphasized Black and white contrasts

Answer 104

most famous Baroque painter court painter to king Philip IV of SPain- King's personal confidence Water Carrier of Seville Las Meninas- Maids of Honors

Answer 105

genre or lowlife scene Spain- hit country- no running water- water sellers water carrier- rugged, old, unsophisticated- torn clothing man of people, Caravaggio inspired Brownish tonalities prevail

Answer 106

princess watches as parents are being painted by Velazquez king and queen seen by mirror or workign on very same cavas we're currently seeing reader in role of king and queen

Answer 107

drafted in purpose of affirming leadership role of Catholic Church grandiosity, spectacular effects, drama and visual propogranda undulating facades, oval or irregular plans, general preference for asymmetry associated with Pope Sixtus V

Answer 108

design Facade of St. Peter's in Rome first came to attention of Sixtus V when he built the Church of Santa Susanna modeled facade after Gicomo della Porta's church of II Gesu in ORme- prototype for churches the Jesuit order bui;t

Answer 109

shift towards novelty embodied by Baroque style no more symmetry, decorative elements take over, multiplication of niches with sculptures, columns, dramatic recesses, scroll buttresses

Answer 110

Baroque style St. Charles at the Four Fountains

Answer 111

irregular plot of land small church at busy intersection in city- marked by fountains in four corners two facades encrusted with sculptures, niches, columns, recesses central theme- oval (multiple) culmination point of Baroue style in Rome

Answer 112

northern part of Netherlands (Holland) became Protestant southern part of Netherlands (Flanders- northern part of Belgium) remained Catholic Flemish- Belgium

Answer 113

Baroque art in Italy and Spain Peter Paul Ruebens

Answer 114

rejected images of saints and religious subject matter art turned secular, became smaller in format- privately owned rudimentary beginnings of Art Market developed here

Answer 115

not allow Northern Netherlands to become Protestant After Thirty YEars War- they relented

Answer 116

17th century peace and economic expansio- oversea trade great number of highly skilled painters- little masters-

Answer 117

most important artist in Flemish tradition influenced by Baroque art in Italy added own hallmarks of heightened emotionalism, voluptuous bodies, and rose-colored flesh muscular bodies, chiaroscuro, and dramtic light effects Large art workshop- active art dealer- help end Thirty YEars war as diplomat Most of art under his name executed by his numerous workshop assistants 21 large canvases of Maria de Medici

Answer 118

destined for Luxemburg Palace in Paris see her arrival in France by boat, marriage with King Henry IV allegorical figure of France welcome her show how king assassinated, she became queen, fallout and reconciliation of her and her son

Answer 119

Anthony Van Dyck- one of Ruben's assistants- reputation of his own portrait paoting pioneered the formula of full-length portrait seen here- popular with monarchs across Europe HUnting self assertive pose but no sceptor or crown

Answer 120

Honthorst looks like Last Supper but is a tavern scene with drunk men and women having party allegory of gluttony and hints of prostition deeply moralizing exemplifies genre subjects

Answer 121

specialty is group portraits depicting confraternal organizations, guilds, or civic militia groups all people individualized

Answer 122

greatest artist of Dutch "Golden Age" started as portrait painter attests to rational scientific mind- prevalent in Northern Netherlands Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp Night Watch most famous for nocturns- night scenes religious matter with vProtestant Overtones

Answer 123

attests to rational scientific mind- prevalent in Northern Netherlands shows Surgeon's guild as dissecting corpse dissection was new- Catholic Church opposed- however led to knowledge of disease, cause of death, improvemtn to health and longer lives

Answer 124

Rembrandt full name is The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq largest and most important painting example of nocturns- night scenes group portrait of civic guard in 30 war all people individualized for public setting- banquet hall where such people would meet self portraits

Answer 125

Rembrandt first one to take into consideration that story happened 2000 years ago in Middle East, not contemporary Holland accounted by historical and cultural context by dresses and racial types represented avoided Madonnas, halos, and saints- Catholic bags for empathy- old father with embrace for forgiveness, other borther keep cold distance

Answer 126

more artistic than engravings Hundred Guilder Print Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children reworked his plates many times over the years Three Crosses

Answer 127

Dutch landsacpes painting of cows- national animal milkmaid's work- beautified, but not classical landscape- real city in background

Answer 128

stressed aspect of domestic wellbeing linen bleached in sun church in distance- God-fearing life windmills dot the scenery

Answer 129

depiction of domestic wellbeing major painter of Dutch "golden age" now but was forgotten view slightly out of focus use for camera obscura- primitive viewing device that serve as aid for draftsman all are small to fit into interior- cabinet pictures show material wealth of middle class interiors spectator intruder in domestic harmony soft focus

Answer 130

Rembrandt's student small scale, minutely rendered cabinet pictures celebrated early on but then forgotten pursuit of knowledge for its sake astronomer- uncover forces of universe along in middle of night

Answer 131

Dou archaic medical term that refers to swelling of soft tissues due to accumulation of excess water scientific rational aspect of quest for finding cure makes it modern richly decorated setting, dutch interior Napoleon thought this was most important painting

Answer 132

range of genre subjects The Smokers interior of tavern at night, filled with smokers, reverlers, drunks, rude, ugly sitters

Answer 133

still lifes musical instruments and fineries skull- memento mori- reminder of death all wealth is temporal, life is fleeting

Answer 134

still life painting impact of Dutch overseas trade on material culture and lifestlye render luxury goods very good on rendering reflections on surfaces

Answer 135

Louis XIV France rose to become the leading power in Europe- economy, military, culture French took place of Latin freedom and tolerance were limited protestant minority persecuted

Answer 136

dominance of classical mythology and classical history in French Painting classicism- dogma of academic training in art root of heirarchy of genres- history painting at top of prestige

Answer 137

Poussin arcadian landscape- group of shepherds in foreground who study inscription of sarcophagus that reads "I, too, was once in Arcadia) shepherds discover their own mortality

Answer 138

specialized in pseudo-classical landscapes and port scenes often take place in and around ROme most appreciated for renderings of all suffusing, golden sun light and harbor scenes Biblical/classical stories often no more than pretexts

Answer 139

iconographic tradition different from Poussin or Claude subjects related to Netherlandish genre of lowlife painting - interested in peasants and country folk French contemporaries thought him to be Dutch or Flemish artist

Answer 140

Le Nain final phase of 30 Years War covers up real hardships, famines, and desctruction in countryside at time peasants have time to eat, live with dignity, enjoy music, subservient reality: uprisings and armies, ravaging farms brownish tonalities