Module 4

Question 1

Exteroception

Answer 1

Provides info to the processing system about the state of the environment in which one’s body exists

Question 2

Exteroceptive

Answer 2

Info is provided from outside the body

Question 3

Proprioception

Answer 3

Provides info about the state of the body itself

Question 4

Proprioceptive

Answer 4

The info arises from within the body

Question 5

Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 5

In the inner ear

Provides signals related to movements, one’s orientation, or both, in one’s environment

Question 6

Joint Receptors

Answer 6

In the capsules surrounding each joint

Give info about extreme positions of the joints

Question 7

Muscle Spindles

Answer 7

In muscles
Change lengths
Provide indirect info about joint position and other aspects of the movement

Question 8

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 8

Very sensitive to the level of force in the various parts of the muscle to which they are attached

Question 9

Cutaneous Receptors

Answer 9

Detectors of pressure, temp, touch, etc

Question 10

Executive

Answer 10

Decision maker for errors

Question 11

Effector

Answer 11

Carry out decisoins

Question 12

Error Signal

Answer 12

Info acted on by the executive

Question 13

Comparator

Answer 13

A reference of correctness against which the feedback is compared to find an error

Question 14

Anticipated Sensory Feedback

Answer 14

Sensations should be generated

Question 15

Feedforward

Answer 15

Represents anticipated sensory consequences

Question 16

Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex

Answer 16

Connected by a single synapse (and short distances)

Question 17

Ventral Stream

Answer 17

Identification of an object is sent to the inferotemporal cortex
Conscious identification of objects that lie primarily in the center of the visual field
Central vision
Slow

Question 18

Dorsal Stream

Answer 18

Info used specifically for the control of movement within the visual environment is sent to the posterior parietal cortex
Specialized for movement control
Entire visual field (central and peripheral)
Contributes to the fine control of movements without our awareness
Unconscious
Relatively fast

Question 19

Optical Array

Answer 19

Rays of light
Enter eyes at specific angles
Collectively

Question 20

Optical Flow

Answer 20

Change in info

Provides numerous important kinds of info about movement through the environment

Question 21

Augmented Feedback

Answer 21

Info about which the perform is not “normally” aware

Extra info provided by an external source

Question 22

What is the most prominent source for exteroception?

Answer 22

Vision

Question 23

What does vision provide?

Answer 23

A basis for anticipatory for upcoming events

Info about the movement of objects in the environment in relation to your own movements

Question 24

How does vision aide exteroception?

Answer 24

It helps detect your own movement within the stable environment

Question 25

What is the second most prominent source for exteroception?

Answer 25

Audition

Question 26

What does proprioception do?

Answer 26

Gives info about the state of the body parts in relation to each other and relative to the environment

Question 27

Closed-Loop Control System Process

Answer 27

``` Input Reaction Time (Executive) (Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Movement Programming) Effector (Desired state) Output (Actual state) Comparator (Of effector and output) If error (not similar), it starts again ```

Question 28

When is CLC occurring?

Answer 28

Continuous tasks

Question 29

Why is it considered closed loop?

Answer 29

The loop from executive to the effector and back to executive is completely "closed" by the sensory info feedback

Question 30

What are the four parts of the CLS?

Answer 30

Executive Effector Comparator Error Signal

Question 31

Who sends commands to an effector system?

Answer 31

The executive system

Question 32

Parts of effector system

Answer 32

Motor program | Anticipated sensory feedback

Question 33

What are some limitations of CLC?

Answer 33

Slow, especially when there is high demand for processing time/resources/etc Less effective for guiding movement The feedback based movement control fails to account for the movement production in rapid, discrete skills

Question 34

Time-To-Contact

Answer 34

Indicates the time remaining until the object reaches the plane of the eye

Question 35

Where are changes in optical flow picked up?

Answer 35

Dorsal system