Module 4-6

Question 1

Peristalsis:

is waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract

help muscles to close openings at the end of digestive compartments

is a muscular movement pattern that occurs in regions of the digestive tract where the smooth muscle fibers are not arranged in layers

is a condition wherein the lining of the digestive tract is irritated by the passage of rough fibrous material

Answer 1

“is waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract.”

Question 2

Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that

1. are covered by ependymal cells.
2. are located in the walls of the ventricles.
3. are located in the dural venous sinuses.
4. are the sites for reabsorption of CSF.
5. are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges.

1,2,4,5
2,3,4
3, 4, 5
1,2

Answer 2

1,2

Question 3

When the long reflex pathway involves the sympathetic nervous system, the response of the gastrointestinal system is to:

increase the secretion of pancreatic juices to speed digestion
decrease acid secretion in the stomach
decrease muscle activity and fluid secretion
enhance the movement of chyme through the gastrointestinal system
increase muscle activity and fluid secretion

Answer 3

“decrease muscle activity and fluid secretion.”

Question 4

Auditory impulses are transmitted by the - portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

ossicular
tympanic
vestibular
spiral
cochlear

Answer 4

cochlear

Question 5

The contractile structure that surrounds the pupil is the _

retina
ciliary ring
iris
sclera
ciliary muscle

Answer 5

iris

Question 6

What is the primary function of the rectal valves and structures found in the rectum?

Promote water reabsorption *
Facilitate nutrient absorption *
Secrete digestive enzymes *
Help separate feces from gas *
Enhance gas exchange

Answer 6

Help separate feces from gas

Question 7

are sensitive to cell deformation, stretching, or bending and also provide sensations such as touch and pressure.

• Nociceptors *
  Proprioceptors *
  Chemoreceptors *
  Thermoreceptors
• Mechanoreceptors

Answer 7

Mechanoreceptors

Question 8

Tears:

contain lysozyme to trap dust. *
are very acidic and kill microbes. *
wash foreign objects away from the eye. *
are produced only when a person cries. *
contain little water.

Answer 8

wash foreign objects away from the eye

Question 9

Which term below can be defined as proprioceptors that detect both static and changes in muscle length?

Muscle spindles *
Sensory coding *
Tendon *
Tendon organ *
Labeled line

Answer 9

Muscle spindles

Question 10

_____ are sensitive to deformation, stretching, or bending of cells. And also provides sensations such as touch and pressure.

Nociceptors *
Proprioceptors *
Chemoreceptors *
Thermoreceptors *
Mechanoreceptors

Answer 10

Mechanoreceptors

Question 11

Ana touches Kyle on his back with two fingers that are positioned less than an inch apart from each other, but for some reason, Kyle can only perceive it as if she is using only one finger. What would be a reasonable explanation for Kyle’s sensation?

Receptors on Kyle’s back have a large receptive field. Pyramidal’s cells on Kyle’s brain are unable to respond to signals. *
Paccini’s corpuscles on Kyle’s back have stopped working. *
Kyle has a major injury on his spinal cord’s anterior horn.

Answer 11

Receptors on Kyle’s back have a large receptive field

Question 12

Individuals tilt their head when looking at images in order to shine more light on this structure where vision is the most sharp. Where would you be directing the light on?

optic chiasm *
choroid
optic disc *
fovea centralis *
macula

Answer 12

fovea centralis

Question 13

The malleus, incus, and stapes

are surrounded by endolymph. *
are surrounded by fluid. *
are located in the inner ear. *
are parts of the cochlea. *
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Answer 13

transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Question 14

One of the degradation byproducts of hemoglobin, ____, is removed from the liver (and thereby the body) in bile.

urea *
lipoproteins *
iron
uric acid
bilirubin

Answer 14

bilirubin

Question 15

Dermatomal maps are important clinically because they

locate the position of cranial nerves. *
can be used to check for motor function. *
can be used to help locate nerve damage. *
indicate what muscles are innervated by each spinal nerve. *
can be used to detect cranial nerve damage.

Answer 15

can be used to detect cranial nerve damage.

Question 16

Which of the following is the uppermost portion of the digestive tract?

• larynx *
  external nares *
  pharynx *
  stomach *
  esophagus

Answer 16

pharynx

Question 17

Which of the following accurately describes the visual pathway?

Photoreceptors in retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Thalamus → Primary visual area in occipital lobe. *

Photoreceptors in retina → Optic tract → Optic chiasm → Optic nerve Thalamus → Primary visual area in occipital lobe. *

Photoreceptors in retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Thalamus → Primary visual area in occipital lobe.

• Primary visual area in occipital lobe → Thalamus → Optic tract → Optic chiasm → Optic nerve → Photoreceptors in retina.

Answer 17

Photoreceptors in retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Thalamus → Primary visual area in occipital lobe.

Question 18

The . _ is a highly vascularized and pigmented layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the sclera and absorbs any light that has reached the back of the eye to prevent its reflection.

Ciliary body *
Pupil *
Choroid *
Sclera *
Cornea

Answer 18

Choroid

Question 19

The primary function of the lens of the eye is to

Focus the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors * Provide the coloring of the eye *
Maintain the shape of the eye *
Limit the amount of light that enters the eye *
Focus the visual image onto the optic disc

Answer 19

Focus the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors

Question 20

Cranial nerve functions include

• sympathetic control *
  somatic motor control *
  None of the choices are correct *
  regulation of emotions *
  cognitive skills

Answer 20

somatic motor control

Question 21

When a person is choking and has their airways blocked, which of the following receptors is responsible for monitoring the change in oxygen composition of the blood?

Chemoreceptor *
Mechanoreceptor
* Thermoreceptor *
Baroreceptor *
Nociceptors

Answer 21

Chemoreceptor

Question 22

As the food is broken into smaller pieces in the mouth, it is combined with __ to facilitate its movement down the esophagus.

• amylase *
  hydrochloric acid
• pancreatic juices *
  gastric juices
• saliva

Answer 22

saliva

Question 23

What controls the secretion of the digestive tract?

submucosal plexus *
sympathetic nervous system *
lacteals *
myenteric plexus *
hypoglossal nerve

Answer 23

submucosal plexus

Question 24

Which term below can be defined as proprioceptors that detect both static and changes in muscle length?

• Muscle spindles *
  Sensory coding *
  Tendon *
  Tendon organ *
  Labeled line

Answer 24

Muscle spindles

Question 25

The nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing. * accessory * vestibulocochlear * trochlear * vagus

Answer 25

vestibulocochlear

Question 26

Which olfactory cells provide physical support to the olfactory receptor cells and help detoxify chemicals that come in contact with the olfactory epithelium? * Olfactory receptor cells * Basal cells * Supporting cells * Mitral cells * Glomeruli

Answer 26

Supporting cells

Question 27

The largest of the cranial dural septa is the: diaphragma sellae * falx cerebelli * tentorium cerebelli * falx cerebri

Answer 27

falx cerebri

Question 28

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of ___ * hearing and taste * taste * hearing and balance * hearing and sight * smell

Answer 28

hearing and balance

Question 29

Swelling of the jugular vein as it leaves the skull could compress which of the following cranial nerves? IX, X, XI V, VII II, IV, VI VIII, IX, XII I, IV, V

Answer 29

IX, X, XI

Question 30

Taste buds are: Chemoreceptors * Nociceptors * Pressure receptors * Mechanoreceptors * Proprioceptors

Answer 30

Chemoreceptors

Question 31

Bell's palsy is characterized by the rapid onset of facial muscle weakness or total paralysis on one side of the face. More specifically, It affects the muscles of facial expression. Which cranial nerve do you think is involved? Facial nerve; CN VII. * Vagus; CN X * Trigeminal; CN VII * Trigeminal nerve; CN V. * Facial nerve; CN VIII.

Answer 31

Facial nerve; CN VII

Question 32

Which cranial nerves are responsible for all aspects of eye function? I, II, VII V, VII, VIII II, III, IV, VI, VIII II, III, IV, VI IX, XI, XII

Answer 32

II, III, IV, VI

Question 33

Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of smell * hearing * taste * sight * balance

Answer 33

balance

Question 34

The diaphragma sellae, which is an extension of the dura mater, will be covering which structure? inter thalamic adhesion * pituitary gland * septum pellucidum * thalamus * pineal gland

Answer 34

pituitary gland

Question 35

The perception of position and movement of body parts is kinesthesia * sensation * perception * proprioception

Answer 35

proprioception

Question 36

The extensions of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are the: tentorium cerebelli * tentorium cerebri * falx cerebri * falx cerebelli * diaphragma sellae

Answer 36

falx cerebri

Question 37

As the food is broken into smaller pieces in the mouth, it is combined with __ to facilitate its movement down the esophagus. amylase * hydrochloric acid * pancreatic juices * gastric juices * saliva

Answer 37

saliva

Question 38

Which hormone, produced by the stomach due to the presence of peptides and amino acids in the stomach, will promote stomach emptying? serotonin gastrin * histamine * somatostatin * ghrelin

Answer 38

gastrin

Question 39

Which structure is found in the duodenum that allows for emptying of the contents from the gallbladder and the pancreas? main pancreatic duct * major duodenal papilla * ampulla of Vater * pyloric sphincter * hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 39

ampulla of Vater

Question 40

The decrease in rugae folding within the stomach in advance of the arrival of a bolus of food is called: peristaltic relaxation * gastric unfolding * receptive relaxation * esophageal reflex relaxation * gastric expansion

Answer 40

receptive relaxation

Question 41

A person with visceral pain experiences a very delocalized pain. The main reason for this is that: somatic receptors have a small receptive field * visceral receptors have a small receptive field * visceral receptors have a large receptive field * somatic receptors have a large receptive field

Answer 41

visceral receptors have a large receptive field

Question 42

Terrance is told by his physician that he has lesions on one side of his spinal cord, which cut the lateral spinothalamic tract. Therefore, Terrance will have an inability to perceive sensations of tickling on the same side of his body below the level of injury. * cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of his body below the level of injury. * sensations of touch from both sides of his body below the level of injury. * sensations of vibration on the opposite side of his body at the level of the injury. * his sense of proprioception on the same side of his body below the level of the injury.

Answer 42

cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of his body below the level of injury

Question 43

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the subarachnoid space * ventricles of the brain * dural sinuses * subdural space fissure of Sylvius

Answer 43

ventricles of the brain

Question 44

The small intestines play a dual role in digestion by - -- as well as -- * degrading nutrients; storing those nutrients * preparing nutrients for degradation; degrading those nutrients * absorbing those nutrients; storing those nutrients * degrading nutrients; absorbing those nutrients * neutralizing the chyme; degrading nutrients within the chyme

Answer 44

degrading nutrients; absorbing those nutrients