Module 4 Flashcards
(57 cards)
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, Animalia, plantae
General features of prokaryote
unicellular, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
e.g. bacteria such as E.coli
General features of protoctista
mainly unicellular, nucleus and membrane organelles, some have chloroplasts
(e.g. Amoeba)
General features of fungi
uni/multicellular, nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, cell wall of chitin, saprophytic feeders
General features of plantae
multicellular, nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, contain chlorophyll, autotrophic feeders
General features of Animalia
multicellular, nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, heterotrophic feeders
What are the 3 domains
Eukarya (80s ribosomes)
Archaea (70s ribosomes)
Bacteria (70 ribosomes)
What is prokaryotae split into in the six-kingdom system
Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria that live in extreme environments)
Eubacteria (bacteria found in all environments)
What evidence is there for evolution?
Palaeontology, Comparative anatomy and comparative biochemistry.
How is palaeontology evidence for evolution?
Complex fossils found in recent rocks
Sequence in which organisms are found match their ecological links
Studying anatomy can show how closely related organisms are
How is comparative anatomy evidence for evolution?
Homologous structures (structures that appear superficially different but have the same underlying structure) provide evidence for divergent evolution (closely related species diversify to adapt to new habitats)
How is comparative biochemistry evidence for evolution
Similarities and differences in cytochrome c and ribosomal RNA
What are genetic causes of variation?
Genes have different alleles Mutations Meiosis (crossing over and independent assortment) Sexual reproduction Chance
What are environmental causes of variation?
Sunlight, food, shelter, scars
What are environmental and genetic causes for variation?
Height= parents may be tall but diet also affects growth
Skin colour=genetics and how much melatonin skin contains
What are anatomical adaptations?
physical features
What are behavioural adaptations?
the way an organism acts
What are physiological adaptations?
processes that take place inside an organism
What do analogous structures provide evidence for?
Convergent evolution (unrelated species begin to share similar traits)
Analogous structures=species have adapted to perform the same function but different genetic origin
What is species richness?
the number of different species living in a particular area
What is species evenness?
a comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community
What is opportunistic sampling?
Uses organisms that are conveniently available
What is stratified sampling?
populations divide into strata based on a particular characteristic (e.g..male and female)
What is systematic sampling?
different areas within a habitat are identified, which are sampled seperately.