Module 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
1
Q
1. the primary neurotransmitter in the neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, and basal ganglia: A. GABA B. Glutamate C. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine
A
C.
2
Q
2. The neurotransmitter that plays both an inhibitory and excitatory role depending on the receptor, such as D1 and D2 in the striatum, D3 in the nucleus accumbens, D4 in the frontal cortex, and D5 in the hippocampus A. GABA B. Glutamate C. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine
A
D
3
Q
- Uncontrollable flinging pattern of movement of an entire limb due to a lesion in the subthalamic nucleus
A
Ballismus
4
Q
4. Which area is most affected in Parkinson’s disease? A. Substantia nigra pars compacta B. Caudate nucleus C. Subthalamic nucleus D. Brainstem
A
A.
5
Q
Enumerate the components of the tetrad of Parkinson’s disease
A
a) Rigidity
b) Resting tremors
c) Hypo/bradykinesia
d) Postural instability
6
Q
An inability to sustain any part of the body in one position, caused by a lesion in the putamen.
A
athetosis
7
Q
Sudden, frequent, involuntary, purposeless, and quick jerks of the trunk, extremities, and head, associated with facial grimaces attributed to a loss of neurons in the locus ceruleus
A
chorea
8
Q
- The triad of autosomal dominance, choreoathetosis, and dementia characterizes what disease:
A
Huntigton’s chorea
9
Q
- The following are drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson’s except:
A. Dopamine agonists (ropinirole)
B. Glutamate antagonists ( Amantadine)
C. Carbidopa + L-dopa
D. Reverese cholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine)
A
D.
10
Q
10. A rhythmically interrupted, rachetclike resistance upon passive stretching of a hypertonic muscle: A. Rigidity B. Cogwheel phenomenon C. Spasticity D. Athetosis
A
B
11
Q
11. The following are the aims of rehabilitaion in movement disorders, except: A. Retard disease progression B. Maintain function C. Provide support D. Preserve cosmesis
A
D
12
Q
- Frenkel’s exercises, which aim to treat ataxia, consist of the following except:
A. Finger to nostril test
B. Heel to shin test
C. Finger to finger test
D. Range of motion exercises in alternating pattern
A
A
13
Q
- Instruction to the patient when his legs “freeze” before walking
A
Dorsiflexion of toes
14
Q
- Insufficient circulation to CN VIII or the brainstem produces sudden severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, with or without tinnitus due to occlusion of the following artery:
A. Parietal branch of superficial temporal artery
B. Supraorbital artery
C. Labyrinthine branch of the internal auditory artery
D. Transverse facial artery
A
C
15
Q
15. Pharmacotherapy for acute vertigo consists of the following drugs, except: A. Antihistamines B. Tranquilizers C. Glucocorticoids D. NSAID’s
A
D
16
Q
2. Which drug is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute labyrinthine dysfunction A. Isoniazid B. Rifampicin C. Pyrazinamide D. Streptomycin
A
D
17
Q
18. Paroxysmal vertigo and nystagmus occurig only with assumption of certain positions of the head, confirmed by a positive Dix-Hallpike maneuver, and caused by abnormal movements of endolymphatic fluid in the semicircular canals due to presence of agglomerated debris A. Benign paroxysmal vertigo B. Acute Labyrynthine dysfunction C. Acosutic neuroma D. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
A
A
18
Q
19. The disease characterised by deafness and tinnitus which progresses to chronic imbalance, impaired caloric responses, and then CN VIII, V, X palsies, ipislateral ataxia, and headache is caused by: A. Benign paroxysmal vertigo B. Oligodendroglioma C. Acosutic neuroma D. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
A
C
19
Q
- Tilting the pelvis backward would produce the following result:
A. An angle of 30 degrees
B. Accentuation of lumbar lordosis
C. Reduction of sacral angle and flattening of lumbar spine
D. Sway-back posture
A
C
20
Q
- Behaviour developed to convey stress and anxiety in chronic pain (Wadell’s sign) usually consist of the following, except:
a) Overreaction during physical examination
b) Consistent performance when testing the same thing in different positions
c) Inappropriate tendereness that is widespread or superficial
d) Regional deficits in strength or sensation that do not have an anatomic basis
e) Pain on testing that only simulates loading the spine
A
B
21
Q
- Main segmental ligament pierced during lumbar puncture:
a) Supraspinous
b) Flavum
c) Interspinous
d) Intertransverse
A
B
22
Q
- Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. The anterior longitudinal ligament resists extension and rotation
B. The posterior longitudinal ligament resists flexion
C. Injury to the longitudinal ligaments is usually a result of flexion-extension rather than rotation
D. The posterior longitudinal ligament is half as strong as the anteriror longitudinal ligament
A
C
23
Q
- Bandlike pain exacerbated by lumbar flexion due mainly to degenerative disk disease, disk disruption, or herniation, radiating to buttock and worsened by extension or side bending:
a) Lumbar spondylosis
b) Lumbar spondylolisthesis
c) Discogenic back pain
d) Lumbar spondylolysis
A
C
24
Q
- Pain caused by a defect in the pars inter articularis found mainly in children and adolescents, ususally secondary to repetitive hyperxtension loading of an immature spine:
a) Lumbar spondylosis
b) Lumbar spondylolisthesis
c) Discogenic back pain
d) Lumbar spondylolysis
A
D
25
27. Anterior slippage of one vertebra on another causes which of the following:
a) Lumbar spondylosis
b) Lumbar spondylolisthesis
c) Discogenic back pain
d) Lumbar spondylolysis
B
26
28. Characterisic of lower motor neuron lesions except:
a) Flaccidity
b) Fasciculations
c) Spasticity
d) Hyporeflexia
C
27
29. Characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions except:
a) Spasticity
b) Hyperreflexia
c) Normal plantar reflex
d) Muscles affected in groups
C
28
30. A disorder of the nuromuscular junction presenting with ptosis, generalised or localised weakness usually occuring at the end of the day, with muscle strength returning to normal after a period of sleep:
a) Parkinson’s disease
b) Huntington’s chorea
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Multiple sclerosis
C
