Module 4- Basics of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
name for 1 carbon atom
A
meth
2
Q
name for 2 carbon atoms
A
eth
3
Q
name for 3 carbon atoms
A
prop
4
Q
name for 4 carbon atoms
A
but
5
Q
name for 5 carbon atoms
A
pent
6
Q
name for 6 carbon atoms
A
hex
7
Q
name for 7 carbon atoms
A
hept
8
Q
name for 8 carbon atoms
A
oct
9
Q
name for 9 carbon atoms
A
non
10
Q
name for 10 carbon atoms
A
dec
11
Q
name ending for alkanes
A
ane
12
Q
functional group for alkanes
A
none
13
Q
name ending for haloalkanes
A
ane
14
Q
functional group for haloalkanes
A
group 7 halogen
15
Q
name ending for alcohols
A
ol
16
Q
functional group for alcohols
A
OH
17
Q
name ending for alkenes
A
ene
18
Q
functional group for alkenes
A
C=C
19
Q
name ending for aldehydes
A
al
20
Q
functional group for aldehydes
A
=O
C - C - H
21
Q
name ending for ketones
A
one
22
Q
functional group for ketones
A
= O
C - C - C
23
Q
name ending for carboxylic acid
A
oic acid
24
Q
functional group for carboxylic acid
A
=O
C - C - OH
25
steps for naming organic compounds
1- find the longest continuous carbon chain
2- determine if an ending needs to be added to the base name, this is necessary if a functional group is present on any of the carbon atoms
3- number the carbon chain so the functional group is on the lowest number carbon
4- number any side groups
5- if there are 2 side chains name in alphabetical order
6- if there is more than 1 identical functional group or side chain put di, tri or tetra
26
how do you number the functional group
number the carbons above and below and use the smallest number that aligns with the functional group
27
how do you name organic compounds when there are side groups
use the name of the side group then the name of the carbon chain
28
prefix for haloalkanes
-chloro
-bromo
-iodo
29
prefix for aldehydes
-formyl
30
prefix for ketones
-oxo
31
prefix for alcohols
-hydroxy
32
suffix for esters
alkyl- -anoate
33
esters functional group
=o
c - c
34
define general formula
-algebraic formula for a homologous series
35
general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
36
general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
37
general formula for alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
38
define molecular formula
-the formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule or element
39
define structural formula
-the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds
-gives the minimum detail for arrangement of atoms in a molecule
40
define skeletal formula
-shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
-each corner represents a carbon atom
41
define displayed formula
-shows the arrangement of atoms showing all covalent bonds present in a molecule
42
shape around carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons
-tetrahedral
43
describe drawing displayed formula
-make sure each carbon has 4 bonds when adding hydrogen atoms
44
define homologous series
-families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula
-with each member differing by CH2
45
features of homologous series
-they show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point)
-successive members increase by CH2 from the last
-same chemical properties
46
cycloalkanes suffix and prefix
cyclo- -ane
47
what are the 2 types of carbon skeleton
-aromatic
-aliphatic
48
define aromatic compounds
-a compound containing a benzene ring
-may have functional groups and alkyl groups coming from this
49
define alicyclic compounds
-an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
50
define aliphatic compounds
-a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
51
features of alkyl groups
-hydrocarbon branches
-general formula CnH2n+1
52
how are molecules named
-according to rules set down by IUPAC
53
how to add a suffix when the suffix starts with a vowel
-remove the –e from the stem alkane name
eg. propan-1-ol
54
how to add a suffix when the suffix starts with a consonant or there are two or more functional groups
-do not remove the the –e from the stem alkane name
55
what does a chemical mechanism do
-shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction
56
what are the two ways to break a covalent bond in organic mechanisms
-homolytic fission
-heterolytic fission
57
define structural isomers
-same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)
58
what are the types of structural isomers
-chain isomers
-positional isomers
-functional group isomers
59
define chain isomers
-same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
60
features of chain isomers
-similar chemical properties
-slightly different physical properties
-more branching so lower boiling point
61
define positional isomers
-compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton
62
features of positional isomers
-similar chemical properties
-different physical properties
63
define functional group isomers
-compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups
64
features of functional group isomers
-different chemical properties
-different physical properties
65
define a functional group
-the key feature of an organic compound responsible for characteristic reactions
