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BSNC 5000 > Module 4 - Cognition > Flashcards

Module 4 - Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

6 domains of cognition

A

perceptual motor function (psychomotor)
language
learning and memory
social cognition
complex attention
executive function

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2
Q

Physiologic factors impairing cognition

A

hypoglycemia
impaired perfusion
impaired gas exchange
acid-base imbalance

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3
Q

3 main NDD

A

FASD
ASD
ADHD

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4
Q

Types of FASD

A

fetal alcohol syndrome –> facial dysmorphia + developmental delay
alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder –> developmental delay

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5
Q

Types of ADHD

A

Inattentive
Hyperactive/impulsive
combined

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6
Q

Types of ASD

A

Asperger’s
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
Autistic disorder
Childhood disintegrative disorder

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7
Q

Embryonic periods

A

week 1-2 = implantation
week 2-7 = organogenesis

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8
Q

High-risk period for embryonic brain development

A

week 3-4
**most women unaware they are pregnant at this time

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9
Q

What happens on day 29 of embryonic development?

A

primitive lobes of brain & spinal cord in place

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10
Q

Facial features of FASD

A
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11
Q

Patho of FASD

A

decreased grey/white matter –> lower cerebral volume
impaired communication b/w brain lobes

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12
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

decision making
executive function
planning

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13
Q

Corpus callosum function

A

connects left/right hemispheres
allows for coordination of both sides of body –> gross/fine motor control
inhibition of nerve impulses

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14
Q

Hippocampus function

A

learning
memory
transfer info from short-term –> long-term memory

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15
Q

PCerebellum function

A

motor control –> balance, gait
motor coordination
planning/execution of movement

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16
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

motor control
motor learning
routine habits, behaviors, emotions
initiation/control of movement
reward center –> motivation

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17
Q

Patho of ADHD

A

changes to maturation of white matter bundles & grey matter density

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18
Q

ADHD behaviors

A

difficulty w/ change
easily distracted
difficulty planning, initiating, realizing actions or correcting errors

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19
Q

ASD Patho

A

atypical cortical growth/folding
grey matter outpaces white matter –> abnormal interconnections

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20
Q

Amygdala function

A

emotional/social cognition
fight/flight response –> fear response/aggession
recognizing facial expression

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21
Q

Proposed patho mechanisms of ASD

A

chronic neuroinflammation w/ microglia activation
mitochondrial dysregulation
dysregulation of cell signaling pathway
immune dysregulation
GABA imbalance
Glutamine dysregulation
Genetics

22
Q

Core sx of ASD

A

1) communication & social interactions
2) repetitive behaviors & limited interests in activity/play

23
Q

When is ASD usually diagnosed

A

~2 years old
12 months if symptoms severe

24
Q

ASD treatmnet

A

behavior management/education
specialized therapy –> speech, OT
medicine (adjunct)

25
ASD communication & social interactions
lack of eye contact, awkward facial expressions/body posture difficulty socializing lack of empathy or emotional intelligence lack of shared interests delayed speech, mute, may appear deaf difficulty conversing trouble understanding other's POV --> very literal interpretation
26
ASD repetitive behaviors & limited interests
fixation on objects/topics (pieces of things) need for sameness/routine --> difficulty with change body rocking/hand flapping echolalia sensory under/overstimulation
27
Other ASD S/S
food aversion, dietary restrictions GI problems --> diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain trouble sleeping lack of coordination pica (eating non-edible items) elopement savant seizures
28
ADHD symptoms
trouble paying attention (inattentive) trouble sitting still even for a short time (hyperactive) acting before thinking (impulsive)
29
When is ADHD diagnosed
6-12 years old
30
ADHD treatment
psychostimulatants nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor adrenergic agonist anti-hypertensives antidepressants behavior therapy
31
Which NDD can be treated with medicine
ADHD
32
Which NDD can be diagnosed at birth
FASD
33
Definition of binge drinking
3+ drinks at a time
34
FASD RF
alcohol consumption during pregnancy binge drinking or drinking throughout pregnancy age of birth parents concurrent substance abuse genetics
35
Piaget stages of development
1) sensorimotor 0-2 2) pre-operational 2-7 3) concrete operational 7-11 4) formal operational 12+
36
Sensorimotor (0-2)
infants think through 5 senses object permanence begin to develop language
37
Preoperational (2-7)
egocentric (cannot see others POV) concrete thought --> directly observable can use language/symbols imaginative play transductive logic
38
Concrete operations (7-11)
logical, coherent thought conservation concrete, systematic problem-solving inductive reasoning can see others POV inductive logic
39
Formal operations (12+)
adaptible & flexible thought abstract thought scientific problem-solving deductive logic
40
What are NDD
group of disorders w/ disturbed CNS development --> developmental brain dysfunction
41
Affects of NDD
intellect language/speech
42
FASD impairments
language processing vision hearing difficulties heart, kidney, liver, organ damage poor memory poor impulse control trouble with judgment delayed growth verbal learning visual-spatial attention reaction time executive function
43
Facial features of FASD
small eyes flat philtrum thin upper lip short nose flat midface smaller head
44
FASD dx
facial malformation maternal record of alcohol use psychosocial testing diagnostic imaging
45
FASD treatment
multifaceted education/behavior mgmt for parents impulse control therapy special education no specific drug treatment --> adjunct therapy
46
Severity levels of ASD
requiring support requiring substantial support requiring very substantial support
47
Causes of ASD
chromosomal abnormalities functional brain abnormalities structural brain abnormalities
48
Which neurotransmitter is LOW in ADHD?
dopamine/norepinephrine
49
Domains of cognition
"every leming can see lost pies" executive function learning/memory complex attention social cognition language psychomotor
50
Stimulant side effects
Appetite suppression (give at night or after meals) Weight loss Nervousness Tics Insomnia Increased BP

BSNC 5000 (11 decks)

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