Module 4 - Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow full range of motion of a joint and optimum neuromuscular efficiency throughout all functional movements.
Flexibility
A cycle whereby an “injury” will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances.
Cumulative injury cycle
The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.
Synergistic dominance
The biomechanical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement (arthrokinematics) and proprioception.
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, the entire fiber contracts completely.
All-or-none principle
The innermost fascial layer that encases individual muscle fibers.
Endomysium
The sheath that binds groups of muscle fibers into fasciculi.
Permysium
The outermost layer of a muscle fiber.
Epimysium
The loss of muscle fiber size.
Atrophy
A decrease in muscle fiber numbers.
Sarcopenia
The full range of flexibility-corrective, active, and functional flexibility - that must be addressed to counteract muscle atrophy and other physical changes due to aging, immobilization, or injury.
Integrated Flexibility Continuum
The three parts of the integrated flexibility continuum.
Corrective, active, functional
The spring-like behavior of connective tissue that enables the tissue to return to its original shape or size when forces are removed.
Elasticity
The smallest value of stress required to produce permanent strain in the tissue.
Elastic limit
The residual or permanent change in connective tissue length due to tissue elongation.
Plasticity
The fluid-like property of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed.
Viscoelasticity
The observation that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.
Davis’s Law
The observation that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads which it is placed.
Wolff’s Law
An impulse transmitted simultaneously over an increasing number of nerve fibers pulling in increasingly more muscle fibers for the task.
Recruitment
Mechanoreceptors located within the musculotendinous junctions that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
The major sensory organs of the muscle sensitive to change in length and rate of length change.
Muscle spindles
The inhibitory action to muscle spindles located within the agonist muscle by prolonged GTO stimulation.
Autogenic inhibition
Receptors in the joints that signal joint position, movement, and pressure changes.
Joint receptors
