Module 4 Lecture

Question 1

Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve IV?

Answer 1

The superior oblique muscle

Question 2

Where are interceptors commonly found?

Answer 2

Lining blood vessels

Question 3

Which sinus drains the majority of dual venous sinus system and exits the skull via the jugular foramen?

Answer 3

The sigmoid sinus

Question 4

Which brain region has nuclei that regulate autonomic tone?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Ganglia

Answer 5

Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 6

Which cranial nerves are involved in the intervention of the muscles that move the eye?

Answer 6

Oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducens nerve (VI)

Question 7

Sclera

Answer 7

The avascular white of the eye meant to protect the eye and maintain eye shape

Question 8

Iris

Answer 8

The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil

Question 9

Optic disk

Answer 9

The blind spot where the optic nerve connects to the eye

Question 10

Fovea centralis

Answer 10

The area of the retina where vision is most accurate

Question 11

Lens

Answer 11

The elliptical structure behind the pupil that refracts light to a focal point on the retina

Question 12

The receptor of hearing

Answer 12

Organ of Corti

Question 13

Motion sickness

Answer 13

The equilibrium disorder caused by the brain receiving conflicting signals about the environment from the eyes and vestibular organs

Question 14

Cerumen

Answer 14

Earwax

Question 15

Pinna

Answer 15

External part of the ear, also called an auricle

Question 16

Ossicles

Answer 16

Small bones in the middle ear that transmit and magnify sound
Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 17

Vestibule

Answer 17

Part of the inner ear that contains equilibrium receptors: maculae detecting static equilibrium

Question 18

Semicircular canals

Answer 18

Part of the inner ear that contains receptors for equilibrium: crista ampullaris detecting dynamic equilibrium

Question 19

Which cranial nerve innervates the fungiform papillae?

Answer 19

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 20

Dual sinuses contain

Answer 20

Blood

Question 21

Conjunctiva

Answer 21

The thin, transparent film that covers the inside of the eyelids

Question 22

Ciliary body

Answer 22

Part of the eye that supports the lens and iris and adjusts the curvature of the lens

Question 23

Inhibitory synapse

Answer 23

• reduced likelihood of an action potential
• postsynaptic neuron hyperpolarizes
• large chloride ion influx

Question 24

Accommodation of the eye

Answer 24

The ability of the eye to focus on different objects

Question 25

The vitreous body is composed of

Answer 25

Collagen and proteoclygans

Question 26

Tunics of the eye

Answer 26

Nervous, vascular, fibrous

Question 27

Perilymph

Answer 27

The fluid outside the membranous labyrinth of the ear

Question 28

Sympathetic rehanging fibers

Answer 28

Emerge from the spinal cord at vertebral level T1-L3

Question 29

Sciatic nerve

Answer 29

Nerve that divides into common fibular and tibial nerves

Question 30

Brain stem comprised of

Answer 30

Medulla oblongata Midbrain Pons

Question 31

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Answer 31

Cranial nerves III, IX, and X, and spinal nerves form vertebral levels S1-S3

Question 32

What substances readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier

Answer 32

Alcohol, carbon dioxide, and water

Question 33

Axillary nerve

Answer 33

- provides motor control to the deltoid and teres minor - acts as the sensory system over the shoulder and lateral arm - provides sensory information to the shoulder

Question 34

Adaption

Answer 34

The process in which a few molecules of an odorant need to be present to initiate a response

Question 35

Rod cells

Answer 35

Rhodopsin photoreceptor, black and white vision

Question 36

Astrocytes

Answer 36

CNS Neuroglial Cell type: maintain blood-brain barrier, control levels of neurotransmitters around synapses, and regulate ion and metabolic support - largest and most abundant in CNS

Question 37

Ependymal cells

Answer 37

Neuroglial cell in CNS that line the spinal cord and ventricles and are involved in producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 38

Oligdendrocytes

Answer 38

CNS Neuroglial cells that myelinated CNS axons

Question 39

Microglia

Answer 39

CNS Neuroglial cell: removed dead cells and pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 40

Satellite cells

Answer 40

PNS Neuroglial cells: surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate neurotransmitters

Question 41

Schwann cells

Answer 41

PNS neuroglial cells: myelinated neurons in PNS

Question 42

Vitreous body

Answer 42

The transparent jelly that fills the eyeball behind the lens

Question 43

Aqueous humor

Answer 43

The fluid that fills the space anterior to the lens

Question 44

The olfactory tract contains axons from the olfactory bulb that send signals to…

Answer 44

The hypothalamus, thalamus, and limbic system

Question 45

Which cranial nerves exit the cranium via the jugular foramen

Answer 45

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and accessory nerve (XI)

Question 46

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 46

Conveys sensory information about pain, pressure, non-discriminative touch, and temperature

Question 47

Which cranial nerve innervates the fungiform papillae?

Answer 47

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 48

Corticospinal tract

Answer 48

Major descending tract relaying information from cerebral cortex of the brain to skeletal muscles controlling voluntary movement

Question 49

Acetylcholine

Answer 49

Neurotransmitter released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 50

Cauda equina

Answer 50

Termination of the spinal cord

Question 51

Scleral venous sinus

Answer 51

Drama the aqueous humor

Question 52

Choroid plexus

Answer 52

Produced cerebrospinal fluid