- located on top of the kidneys - regulates homeostasis and SNS

Module 5 Notes Flashcards by Mollie L

Adrenal glands

located on top of the kidneys
regulates homeostasis and SNS

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Aldosterone (mineralcorticoids) - adrenal

secreting: zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
regulates BP and blood pH

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Cortisol (glucocorticoids) - adrenal

Secreting: zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex
Target: most body tissues
Function: anti-inflammatory, metabolism

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Androgens - adrenal

Secreting: zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
Target: brain, gonads, bone
Function: promotes libido, puberty

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Epinephrine and norepinephrine - adrenal

Secreting: adrenal medulla (made of chromaffin)
Target: blood, heart, muscles
Function: increases blood glucose and BP

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Juxtaglomerular cells (kidneys)

syntehsize and secrete renin

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Erythropoietin - kidney

Secreting: kidney
Target: red bone marrow
Function: increases red blood cell production and O2 delivery

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Calcitriol - kidney

Secreting: kidney
Target: Intestines
Function: INCREASES calcium and phosphorus absorption

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Renin - kidney

Secreting: kidney
Target: blood and kidneys
Function: triggers adrenal glands to produce aldosterone

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Glucagon - pancreas

Secreting: Alpha cells
Target: liver
Function: INCREASE glucose levels

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Insulin - pancreas

Secreting: Beta cells
Target: liver, fat, and muscle
Function: INCREASE glycogen levels

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Somatostatin - pancreas

Secreting: Delta cells
Target: pancreas and GI tract
Function: INHIBITS insulin and glucagon secretion

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Pancreatic polypeptide - pancreas

Secreting: F cells
Target: pancreas and gallbladder
Function: INHIBITS secretion of somatostatin and digestive enzymes

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Grehlin - pancreas

Secreting: Epsilon cells
Target: brain
Function: stimulates hunger

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Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) - thyroid

Secreting: thyroid follicular cells
Target: muscle, bones, nervous system
Function: increases ozygen consumption and metabolism

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Calcitonin - thyroid

Secreting: thyroid follicular cells
Target: blood
Function: LOWERS Calcium levels in blood

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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - parathyroid

Secreting: parathyroid chief cells
Target: blood
Function: INCREASES calcium levels in blood

Hypothalamus

regulates pituitary functions

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) -pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: thyroid gland
Function: stimulates secretion of T4 and T3

Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: adrenal gland
Function: stimulates secretion of cortisol

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: skin

Growth hormone (hGH) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: liver, skeletal muscle, bone
Function: stimulates secretion of growth factors (IGF)

Prolactin (PRL) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: mammary glands
Function: stimulates milk production and secretion

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe
Target: gonads
Function: stimulates estrogen production or sperm production

Luteinizing hormone (LH) - pituitary gland

Secreting: anterior lobe Target: gonads Function: triggers ovulation, stimulates testosterone secretion

Oxytocin (OT) - pituitary gland

Secreting: posterior lobe Target: uterus and mammary glands Function: milk production (REFLEXES) and uterine contractions

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/vasopressin - pituitary gland

Secreting: posterior lobe Target: kidneys Function: increases water reabsorption

Estrogen and progesterone - ovaries

Secreting: ovarian follicle Target: ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, other tissues Function: regulates menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy, PROMOTES DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS

Relaxin - ovaries

Secreting: ovarian follicle Target: pubic symphysis and cervix Function: increases hip flexibility and dilates cervix

Inhibin - ovaries or testes

Secreting: ovarian follicle or SERTOLI cells Target: pituitary gland Function: inhibits FSH secretion

Activin - ovaries or testes

Secreting: ovarian follicle or LEYDIG cells Target: pituitary gland Function: stimulates FSH secretion

Leydig cells

aid in testosterone secretion

Sertoli cells

supportive and aid in sperm maturation

Endocrine function

hormones secreted into blood to affect distal target cells

Paracrine function

hormones diffuse to affect neighboring cells

Autocrine function

hormones affect the same cell that secreted them

Water-soluble hormones

bind to cell surface receptors on the plasma membrane - epinephrine - norepinephrine - dopamine - histamine - serotonin - ADH - oxytocin - hGH - insulin - prostaglandins - leukotrienes

Lipid-soluble hormones

permeate the lipid bilayer to bind to receptors in the cytosol or nucleolus - testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, androgen, aldosterone, cortisol, androgen, calcitriol - T4 and T3 - gases (nitric oxide)

Sympathetic response pathway

hypothalamus, sympathetic trunk, adrenal medukla, epinephrine and norepinephrine

Pineal gland releases

melatonin

Thymus is responsible for...

maturation of T lymphocytes for the adaptive immune system