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Key Terms > Module 4: Privacy > Flashcards

Module 4: Privacy Flashcards

1
Q

A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spending and tax cuts over a 10-year period and included strong privacy provisions for electronic health records, such as banning the sale of health information, promoting the use of audit trails and encryption, and providing rights of access for patients.

A

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

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2
Q

The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution that spell out additional rights of individuals.

A

Bill of Rights

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3
Q

An act implemented in 1998 in an attempt to give parents control over the collection, use, and disclosure of their children’s personal information.

A

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

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4
Q

An act passed in 1994 that amended the Wiretap Act and Electronic Communications Privacy Act, which required the telecommunications industry to build tools into its products that federal investigators could use—after obtaining a court order—to eavesdrop on conversations and intercept electronic communications.

A

Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)

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5
Q

Text files that can be downloaded to the hard drives of users who visit a website, so that the website is able to identify visitors on subsequent visits.

A

cookie

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6
Q

Using the Internet for purposes unrelated to work such as posting to Facebook, sending personal emails or Instant messages, or shopping online.

A

cyberloafing

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7
Q

An act that deals with the protection of three main issues: (1) the protection of communications while in transfer from sender to receiver; (2) the protection of communications held in electronic storage; and (3) the prohibition of devices from recording dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information without a search warrant

A

Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)

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8
Q

The collection, preparation, review, and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions and proceedings.

A

electronic discovery (e-discovery)

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9
Q

Any form of digital information, including emails, drawings, graphs, web pages, photographs, word-processing files, sound recordings, and databases stored on any form of magnetic storage device, including hard drives, CDs, and flash drives.

A

electronically stored information (ESI)

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10
Q

A directive that requires any company doing business within the borders of the countries comprising the European Union (EU) to implement a set of privacy directives on the fair and appropriate use of information.

A

European Union Data Protection Directive

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11
Q

An amendment to the Fair Credit Reporting Act passed in 2003 that allows consumers to request and obtain a free credit report once each year from each of the three primary consumer credit reporting companies (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion).

A

Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act

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12
Q

An act that regulates the operations of credit-reporting bureaus, including how they collect, store, and use credit information.

A

Fair Credit Reporting Act

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13
Q

A term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data.

A

fair information practices

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14
Q

A federal law that assigns certain rights to parents regarding their children’s educational records.

A

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

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15
Q

Created by the FISA, this court meets in secret to hear applications for orders approving electronic surveillance anywhere within the United States.

A

FISA Court

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16
Q

Information relating to the capabilities, intentions, or activities of foreign governments or agents of foreign governments or foreign organizations.

A

foreign intelligence

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17
Q

An act that granted NSA expanded authority to collect, without court-approved warrants, international communications as they flow through U.S. telecommunications network equipment and facilities.

A

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008

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18
Q

An amendment to the United States Constitution that protects citizens from unreasonable government searches and is often invoked to protect the privacy of government employees.

A

Fourth Amendment

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19
Q

A law that grants citizens the right to access certain information and records of federal, state, and local governments upon request.

A

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

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20
Q

A bank deregulation law that repealed a Depression-era law known as Glass–Steagall and requires companies that offer consumers financial products or services like loans, financial or investment advice, or insurance—to explain their information-sharing practices to their customers and to safeguard sensitive data.

A

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)

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21
Q

An act designed to improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage; to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse in health insurance and healthcare delivery; and to simplify the administration of health insurance.

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

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22
Q

The combination of communications privacy and data privacy.

A

information privacy

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23
Q

Instructions sent by organizations to inform its employees (or employees of the opposing party) to save relevant data and to suspend data that might be due to be destroyed based on normal data-retention rules.

A

litigation hold notice

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24
Q

Compels holders of your personal records to turn them over to the government; an NSL is not subject to judicial review or oversight.

A

National Security Letter (NSL)

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25
Q

Prohibits National Security Letter (NSL) recipients from informing anyone, even the person who is the subject of the NSL request, that the government has secretly requested his or her records.

A

NSL gag provision

26
Q

To give an organization the right to share personal data, such as annual earnings, net worth, employers, personal investment information, loan amounts, and Social Security numbers, to other organizations.

A

opt in

27
Q

To refuse to give an organization the right to collect and share personal data with unaffiliated parties.

A

opt out

28
Q

An act that granted a four-year extension of two key provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act that allowed roving wiretaps and searches of business records.

A

PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011

29
Q

A device that records electronic impulses to identify the numbers dialed for outgoing calls.

A

pen register

30
Q

A process that couples human guidance with computer-driven concept searching in order to “train” document review software to recognize relevant documents within a large collection of documents.

A

predictive coding

31
Q

Establishes a code of fair information practices that sets rules for the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personal data that is kept in systems of records by federal agencies.

A

Privacy Act

32
Q

“the right to be left alone—the most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people.”

A

right of privacy

33
Q

An act that protects the records of financial institution customers from unauthorized scrutiny by the federal government.

A

Right to Financial Privacy Act

34
Q

A cell phone spy software that can be loaded onto someone’s cell phone or smartphone within minutes, making it possible for the user to perform location tracking, record calls, view every text message or picture sent or received, and record the URLs of any website visited on the phone.

A

stalking app

35
Q

A law that regulates the interception of wire (telephone) and oral communications; also known as the Wiretap Act.

A

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act

36
Q

The flow of personal data across national boundaries

A

transborder data flow

37
Q

A device that records the originating number of incoming calls for a particular phone number

A

trap and trace

38
Q

Under FISA, it is defined as a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or company.

A

U.S. person

39
Q

An act passed following startling revelations by Edward Snowden of secret NSA surveillance programs, which terminated the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA

A

USA Freedom Act

40
Q

An act passed 5 weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It gave sweeping new powers both to domestic law enforcement and U.S. international intelligence agencies, including increasing the ability of law enforcement agencies to search telephone, email, medical, financial, and other records.

A

USA PATRIOT Act

41
Q

A device that records vehicle and occupant data for a few seconds before, during, and after any vehicle crash that is severe enough to deploy the vehicle’s airbags.

A

vehicle event data recorder (EDR)

42
Q

A law that regulates the interception of wire (telephone) and oral communications; also known as the Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act.

A

Wiretap Act

43
Q

The Supreme Court has stated that American citizens are protected by the Fourth Amendment with no exception. True or False?

A

False

44
Q

______________ is a system employed to collect Internet data including search histories, photos sent and received; the contents of email, file transfers, and voice and video chats; and other Internet communication data.

A

PRISM

45
Q

Although a number of independent laws and acts have been implemented over time, no single, overarching data privacy policy has been developed in the United States. However, there is an established advisory agency that recommends acceptable privacy practices to U.S. businesses. True or False?

A

False

46
Q

This act allows consumers to request and obtain a free credit report once each year from each of the three primary consumer credit reporting companies.

A

Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act

47
Q

Under (the) ________, the presumption is that a student’s records are private and not available to the public without the consent of the student.

A

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act

48
Q

_________ describes procedures for the electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers. It also created a special court which meets in secret to hear applications for orders approving electronic surveillance anywhere within the United States.

A

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

49
Q

(The) ___________approves the use of any intelligence collection techniques that are in accordance with procedures established by the head of the intelligence community and approved by the attorney general.

A

Executive Order 12333

50
Q

The number of U.S. government intelligence-gathering units identified in Executive Order 12333 exceeds 18. True or False?

A

True

51
Q

The _________ is designed to strengthen the data protection for individuals within the EU and includes stiff penalties for privacy violations.

A

General Data Protection Regulation

52
Q

Federal agencies receiving a __________request must acknowledge that the request has been received and indicate when the request will be fulfilled, with an initial response within 20 working days unless an unusual circumstance occurs.

A

Freedom of Information Request

53
Q

Many companies obtain information about web surfers through the use of __________, which are text files that can be downloaded to the hard drives of users so that the website is able to identify visitors on subsequent visits.

A

cookies

54
Q

Publicly traded organizations have an obligation to report all data breaches to the Securities and Exchange Commission. True or False?

A

False

55
Q

Often organizations who are engaged in litigation will send a _____________ notice to its employees or to the opposing party to save relevant data and to suspend data that might be due to be destroyed based on normal data-retention rules.

A

litigation hold

56
Q

________is a process that couples human guidance with computer-driven concept searching in order to train document review software to recognize relevant documents with a document universe.

A

Predictive coding

57
Q

A recent study revealed that between _________ percent of workers’ time online has nothing to do with work.

A

60 and 80

58
Q

The Fourth Amendment cannot be used to limit how a private employer treats its employees, and private-sector employees must seek legal protection against an invasive employer under various state statues. True or False?

A

True

59
Q

China has more surveillance cameras per person than Great Britain. True or False?

A

False

60
Q

Beginning with the model year 2011 vehicles, the National Highway Safety Administration defined a minimum set of 15 data elements that must be captured for manufacturers who voluntarily install Electronic Data Recorders on their vehicles. True or False?

A

True

Key Terms (10 decks)

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