Module 4 - Pulse Examination Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a physical examination of a body part or organ by touching it with the fingers or hands
Palpation
What are the palpation points that are extremely important elements of a physical examination of the lower extremity
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial
Popliteal aortic
Radial arteries
Femoral arteries
What can a pulse examination provide the astute clinician
An accurate assessment of arterial circulation
When should a pulse examination be carried out
When the patient is supine and having rested for at least five minutes
When a pulse examination is carried out the following features of importance may be noted
Quality
Rate
Rythym
Amplitude
The method described by Kidawa (1992): used to grade a pulse is
0/4 absence of pulses
1/4 weak
2/4 normal
3/4 full
4/4 bounding
What can predict peripheral artery disease
Absence of both of the pedal pulses
What is the cyclical,natural contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, leading to changes in their diameter
Vasomotion
When vasodilators produce local dilation of arterioles and relaxation of pre-capillary sphincters, blood flow into capillary networks is increased, which increases what
O2 levels
What is a small branch of an artery leading into a capillary
Arteriole
What is the opposite of vasodilators
Vasoconstrictors
In the tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscle, where the demand for O2, and nutrients and for the removal of wastes can increase as much as tenfold during physical activity, what is an important contributor to increased blood flow through the tissue
Autoregulation
What region as well as the heart and skeletal muscle does autoregulation also control the increased blood flow
The brain
The blood distribution to various parts of the brain changes dramatically for what different types of activities
Mental and physical
Blood flow increases to where during a conversation
Motor speech
The blood flow increases to where when you are listening
Auditory areas
What are the two general types of stimuli that cause autoregulatory changes in blood flow
Physical changes
Vasodilating and vasoconstriction chemicals
Vasolidation meaning
The widening of blood vessels due to the relaxation of the blood vessels muscular walls
What is the meaning of vasoconstriction
The narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls
The walls of blood vessels in systemic circulation do what in response to low O2
Dilate
With vasodilation O2 delivery does what to restore the normal O2 level
Increase
By contrast to systemic circulation , the walls of the the blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation do what in response to low levels of O2
Constrict
How do hormones regulate blood pressure
Influencing blood volume
The diameter of blood vessels, and the hearts rate and force of contraction
The physiological process where organs or tissues maintain a stable blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure is called
Autoregulation
