Module 4 revision Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is fission?
it is the process of breaking a covalent bond.
what is homolytic fission?
It is when each bonding atom recieves one electron from the bonded, forming two radicals.
What is heterolytic fission?
One bonding atom receives boh electrons from the bonded pair. This leads to the formation of a positive and negative ion.
what is an addition reaction?
the reactants combine to form a single product.
what is a substitution reaction?
one functional group is replaced by a different functional group.
what is a oxidation reaction?
a species loses at least one electron, and is oxidised.
what is a reduction reaction?
a species gains at least one electron, and is reduced.
what is a polymerisation reaction?
a reaction in which many small molecules, known as monomers, join together to form a long, repeating molecule called a polymer.
what is an elimination reaction?
a small molecule is removed from a large molecule.
What are sigma bonds?
The overlap of orbitals is directly between the two atoms and there is free rotation around the sigma bond.
what are the examples of sigma bonds in hydrocarbons?
C-C
C-H
why are alkanes not that reactive?
They have a low polarity of the bonds and have a high bond enthalpy.
what do catalytic converters do?
It converts oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide from a system by converting harmful products into more stable products such as CO2, N2 or H2O.
What is a pi-bond?
The pi-bond is formed by sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding c atoms.
what is the test for alkenes?
bromine water goes from orange-brown to colourless.
what is cis-trans isomerism?
It is a special case E/Z isomerism where two of the groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C is the same.
What is the equation for the depletion of O zone?
Cl* + O3 —-> ClO* + O2
ClO* + O —–> Cl* + O2
Overall equation is:
2O3 —-> 3O2
NO* + O3 —-> NO2* + O2
NO2* + O —> NO* + O2
what does Infrared radiation do organic molecules?
IR causes covelent bonds to vibrate and absorb energy.
