Module 4 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the primary function of a file system and what does it manage?
The primary function of a file system is to manage, store and retrieve information on a computer. It allocates locations on the disk for storage and keeps records of where specific information is held.
Describe the process that occurs when a user double-clicks a file according to the text.
When a user double-clicks a file, the user interface calls the file system with a request to open it. The file type determines how it opens. If it’s an application, it’s loaded and run; if it’s a document.The associated application loads and opens the file.
Explain the difference between the terms “directory” and “folder” and describe how they are structured.
“Directory” is an older term for “folder”, and both refer to the organizational structure that contains files and subfolders. Folders are typically structured in a hierarchical “tree-like” structure with a root at the top
What is metadata in the context of file systems and what type of information does it typically contain?
Metadata is information that describes the file, but is not the actual data stored in the file itself. It contains details such as files name, size creation date, modification date, and permissions.
What is low-level formatting and what does it establish on a disc?
Low level formatting marks the location of tracks and sectors on a disk. It is a necessary step before a disk can be partitioned and formatted for use by a file system.
Explain the concept of block allocation and the role of clusters in managing disk space.
Block allocation is how operating systems keep track of files on a disk and involves dividing the disk into logical blocks called clusters, which are mapped to sectors.The file allocation data is typically stored on the disc in areas such as the FAT or MFT.
What are the main differences between the FAT and NTFS file systems in terms of how they store file information and where is the data stored?
FAT file systems use file allocation, tables and directories to keep track of files. NTFS uses a master file table (MFT) located at the beginning of the partition to store and manage file information.
Describe the purpose and features of the Master Boot Record (MBR) in the context of disc partitioning.
The MBR is a disk partitioning method located in the first sector of the disk used by BIOS based systems. It contains boot code to load on operating system and partition information, including the location and size of each partition
How does Linux manage multiple disk drives or volumes differently than Windows?
Windows can have multiple roots for different storage devices, whereas linux has only one root folder that mounts volumes within it. In Linux, all file system paths begin with the root character (/) .
How do hard links and symbolic links in Linux differ?
Hard links share the same innode as the original file, and therefore must exist within the same partition. Symbolic links point to a file path and can exist across different partitions.
What are the core functions of a file system?
The core functions include storage and retrieval, user interaction, file management, and recovery.
What is the fundamental role of a file system?
To manage, store, and retrieve information on digital devices.
How does a file system handle user interactions?
It is invoked to handle operations such as opening and saving files based on file type.
What structure do file systems typically use to organize files?
A hierarchical structure of folders or directories.
What recovery mechanisms do some file systems include?
Mechanisms to address issues like disk damage or unexpected system shutdowns.
What programs do most users use to interact with file systems?
File manager programs, such as File Explorer in Windows or Files in GNOME on Linux.
What happens when a user double-clicks a file?
It triggers a request to the file system to open the file.
What is the root in a file system’s hierarchical structure?
The top of the hierarchy, often representing a disk drive or mass storage device.
What are subfolders?
Folders that can contain other folders, creating a tree-like structure.
How do users navigate the file system hierarchy?
Using GUI tools by double-clicking folders and subfolders.
What is the Linux root?
Refers to both the root user and the top level of the file system.
What is metadata in the context of file systems?
Information that describes the file and its contents but is not the actual data stored in the file.
What information does file metadata include?
File name, size, type, creation date, modification date, security settings, ownership, and permissions.
What is low-level formatting?
The process that marks tracks and sectors on a disk before it can be partitioned.
