module 4: studying biodiversity

Question 1

what are the 3 types of biodiversity

Answer 1

habitat
species
genetic

Question 2

what is habitat diversity

Answer 2

number of different habitats in an area

Question 3

what is species diversity

Answer 3

number of different species and the abundance of species in an area

Question 4

what is genetic diversity

Answer 4

vacation of alleles within a species

Question 5

what can we use to count ground insects

Answer 5

pitfall trap or pooter

Question 6

what can we use to count aquatic organisms

Answer 6

kick sampling

Question 7

how can we count long grass organisms

Answer 7

sweep net

Question 8

what are the 3 types of non-random sampling

Answer 8

systematic
stratified
opportunistic

Question 9

what is systematic sampling

Answer 9

samples taken at fixed intervals along a line, quadrants can be used

Question 10

what is opportunistic sampling

Answer 10

samples chosen by investigator

Question 11

what is stratified sampling

Answer 11

different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole

Question 12

what is species richness

Answer 12

number of different species in a area

Question 13

what is species evenness

Answer 13

relative abundance of each species in an area

Question 14

how can we measure biodiversity

Answer 14

simpsons index

Question 15

how can we measure genetic diversity

Answer 15

genetic polymorphism- polymorphism is two or more alleles at a locus

Question 16

proportion of polymorphic gene loci =

Answer 16

no of polymorphic gene loci/total number of loci

Question 17

how does human population growth affect biodiversity

Answer 17

habitat loss, over exploitation as more resources needed, urbanisation, pollution

Question 18

how does monoculture affect biodiversity

Answer 18

habitat loss, local natural plants and animals destroyed with pesticides, heritage varieties lost

Question 19

how does climate change affect biodiversity

Answer 19

greenhouse gases cause global warming, species need particular climates, previously inhabitable areas uninhabitable, increase or decrease in range of species, forced migration, extinction

Question 20

why is maintaining important ecologically

Answer 20

to protect keystone species, distribution of food chains, maintain genetic resources such as food, clothing, drugs, fuels, industrial materials

Question 21

why is maintaining economically important

Answer 21

reduce soil depletion, mono culture causes it which increases spending, visitors

Question 22

why is maintaining aesthetically important

Answer 22

bring joy, attractive landscapes, visitors