module 2: cell structure

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

complex, plant and animal cells, DNA linear, nucleus present

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

smaller and simpler, bacteria, DNA circular, no nucleus

Question 3

what organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 3

-cell wall
-vacuole
-chloroplasts

Question 4

cell surface membrane

Answer 4

surface of animal cells, inside cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells
made of lipids and protein
regulates movement of substances, has receptors

Question 5

cell wall

Answer 5

surrounds plant cells, cellulose
support

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

surrounded by envelope with pores
contains chromatin and nucleolus
controls cell activity
DNA contains instructions to make proteins

Question 7

lysosomes

Answer 7

contains digestive enzymes

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

floats free or attached to rer
made of proteins
no membrane
site where proteins made

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

membranes with surface covered in ribosomes
folds and processes proteins

Question 10

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

no ribosomes
synthesises and processes lipids

Question 11

vesicle

Answer 11

small sac with membrane
transports substances

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

flattered membrane bound sacs
processes and packages lipids and proteins

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

double membraned
inner membrane folded called cristae
inside is matrix containing enzymes for respiration
site of aerobic respiration where ATP produced
require lots of energy

Question 14

chloroplasts

Answer 14

double membrane
inner membraned called thylakoids which are stacked to form grana
site of photosynthesis

Question 15

centriole

Answer 15

hollow cylinders made of microtubules
separate chromosomes

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

small hair like structures
move substances along cell surface

Question 17

flagellum

Answer 17

long hair like structures
propels moving cell forwards

Question 18

organelles involved in protein production

Answer 18

proteins made at ribosomes
pass to rer to be processed
transported to Golgi in vesicles
processed and packaged at Golgi
vesicles transport protein to cell surface to be excreted

Question 19

functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 19

support organelles to stay in position
strengthen cell
movement of materials
movement of cell

Question 20

magnification equations

Answer 20

image/ actual

Question 21

magnification

Answer 21

size of an image

Question 22

resolution

Answer 22

the ability to distinguish between 2 points

Question 23

light microscope

Answer 23

use light to see detail
low resolution
look at whole cells and tissues
x1500 magnification
dye used- methylene blue, eosin

Question 24

laser scanning confocal

Answer 24

use laser beams to scan a specimen with florescent dye tag causing light
light focused through pinhole onto detector
3D
clear image
that at depths in thick specimens

Question 25

electron microscope

Answer 25

use electrons to form an image
high resolution
metal ions used to scatter electrons creating contrast
transmission- uses electromagnets on thin specimens, x1,000,000
scanning- show surface of specimen, can be 3D, lower resolution, x500,000