Module 4 Unit A

Question 1

Thiazide Diuretics - concerns

HCTZ

Answer 1

Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia (uric acid=gout)
Hyponatremia

Question 2

Use caution with sulfa drugs

Answer 2

Thiazide diuretics

Question 3

Do not combine with lithium

Answer 3

thiazide (HCTZ) - can cause lithium toxicity

Question 4

Do not prescribe to people with renal failure or hypokalemia

Answer 4

Thiazide

Question 5

Calcium sparing effects make this a good drug for women with osteoporosis

Answer 5

HCTZ - they also stimulate osteoblast activity

Question 6

How does the MOA of diuretic classes differ?

Answer 6

They block sodium and chloride reabsorption from kidneys

Question 7

electrolyte abnormalities that can occur with diuretics

Answer 7

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia

Question 8

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 8

1. Inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride pump of the kidneys

2. Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle and Proximal and distal tubules.

Question 9

High risk for dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and hypotention

Answer 9

Loop diuretics (Lasix)
greater than HCTZ

Question 10

contraindicated in anuria

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Question 11

Black Box Warning for Lasix

Answer 11

Can lead to profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion

Question 12

Work with a low GFR

Answer 12

loop diuretics

Question 13

Black. Box Warning for ACE, ARB, ARNI

Answer 13

Can cause injury or death to developing fetus

Question 14

Example of Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist or Potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 14

Sprionolactone (Aldactone)

Question 15

How does spironolactone work?

Answer 15

Blocks effects of aldosterone

block the reabsorption of sodium

Question 16

Contraindicated in people with hyperkalemia (>5.5)

Answer 16

Aldactone (spironolactone)

Question 17

ACE inhibitor indications

Answer 17

HTN, heart failure, diabetic neuropathy, MI

Question 18

Prototype ACE inhibitor

Answer 18

Lisinopril

Question 19

Concerns with ACE inhibitors

Answer 19

Hyperkalemia, angioedema, Late-stage CKD

Question 20

Best choice for treatment of HTN in black patients

Answer 20

Calcium channel blockers or diuretics

Question 21

what drugs are safe in pregnancy?

Answer 21

Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, nifedipine), labetalol, methyldopa

Question 22

Use cautiously in diabetics - may potentiate hypoglycemia

Answer 22

Beta blockers

Question 23

Beta 1 receptors located primarily where?

Answer 23

Heart and kidneys

Question 24

Beta 2 receptors located primarily where?

Answer 24

lungs

Question 25

How do Beta blockers work

Answer 25

- Block beta receptors which results in decreased cardiac output. - Block effects of epinephrine causing heart to beat slower and with less force.

Question 26

Best use for people with DM (can provide renal protection EARLY ON)

Answer 26

Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (losartan/cozaar)

Question 27

monitor closely for signs of worsening renal function - cause worsen renal function in patients with poor renal function.

Answer 27

Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers

Question 28

Cardio--selective beta-1 blockers | safe in lung disease

Answer 28

Atenolol | Metoprolol

Question 29

Non-selective beta blockers | Not safe in lung disease

Answer 29

Carvedilol | Propranolol

Question 30

Two types of Calcium channel blockers

Answer 30

``` DHPs Nifedipine (Procardia) non-DHP (Cardizem, Verapamil) ```

Question 31

Class of drugs used for Hypertension, angina, and cardiac dysrhythmias

Answer 31

Calcium channel blockers

Question 32

Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

Answer 32

flushing, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia

Question 33

Can cause significant constipation in elderly

Answer 33

Non-DHPs: Cardizem (Diltiazem) Verapamil (Calan)

Question 34

Cannot be combined with Beta-adrenerbic blockers

Answer 34

Non-DHPs (calcium channel blocker) - cardizem, verapamil

Question 35

How do Aldosterone receptor antagonists work?

Answer 35

They block effect of aldosterone leading to blocking reabsorption of sodium.

Question 36

Side effects of aldactone (spironolactone)

Answer 36

Bind to other steroid receptors leading to hormone issues - erectile dysfunction, post-menopausal bleeding, etc.

Question 37

contraindication to Aldosterone receptor antagonists (spirinolactone/Aldactone)

Answer 37

Hyperkalemia

Question 38

Side effects of CCB

Answer 38

Peripheral edema flushing headaches dizziness

Question 39

Risk factors for Angioedema

Answer 39

``` H/O previous angioedema >65 YO Aspirin or NSAID use female smoking seasonal allergies ```

Question 40

populations at greatest risk for Angioedema

Answer 40

Women and African Americans

Question 41

What drugs can cause angioedema

Answer 41

ACEI, ARBs, ARNIs, CCBs