module 47

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 2

Schema

Answer 2

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 4

Accommodation

Answer 4

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

Question 5

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 5

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 6

Object permanence

Answer 6

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 7

Preoperational stage

Answer 7

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Question 8

Conservation

Answer 8

the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Question 9

Egocentrism

Answer 9

Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 10

Theory of mind

Answer 10

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

Question 11

Concrete operational stage

Answer 11

Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Question 12

Formal operational stage

Answer 12

Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Question 13

Scaffold

Answer 13

framework, offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

Question 14

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 14

a disorder that appears in childhood; marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction and rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Question 15

Jean Piaget

Answer 15

developmental psychologist, spent his life searching for how the mind grows, studied children’s cognition

Question 16

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 16

A Russian psychologist who was also studying how children think and learn and emphasized how the child’s mind grows through interaction with the social environment