module 48

Question 1

Stranger anxiety

Answer 1

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Question 2

Attachment

Answer 2

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation.

Question 3

Critical period

Answer 3

an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

Question 4

Imprinting

Answer 4

the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 5

Strange situation

Answer 5

a procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed.

Question 6

Secure attachment

Answer 6

demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return.

Question 7

Insecure attachment

Answer 7

demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Question 9

Basic trust

Answer 9

according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Question 10

Self-concept

Answer 10

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “Who am I?”

Question 11

Harry Harlow

Answer 11

Wisconsin psychologist that bred monkeys for their learning studies and found that babies are more attached to parents who are soft and warmer.

Question 12

Margret Harlow

Answer 12

Wisconsin psychologists that bred monkeys for learning studies found that babies are more attached to soft and warmer parents.

Question 13

Erik Erikson

Answer 13

a developmental psychologist who believed that securely attached children approach life with a sense of basic trust that the world is predictable and reliable

Question 14

Diana Baumrind

Answer 14

A pioneering researcher who theorized 3 major types of parenting

Question 15

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 15

explored the rigid attachment process of imprinting

Question 16

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 16

designed the strange situation experiment; observed mother-infant pairs at home then 1 year olds with or without their mothers in strange situations (laboratory playrooms)