Module 5 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the annual cycle?
series of inter-related physiological and behavioral events in the annual life cycle and range of animals
what are potential risks to over-wintering?
risk of exposure, migrations, starvation, and predation
Endogenous influeces
ability to fly, body condition, Zungunruhe (anxiety)
exogenous influences
wind, temperature, lunar phases, ice/snow cover, cloud cover, clarity, social stimuli, food resource availability, hunting disturbances, etc.
Weather Severity Index
calculated daily and selected maxima temperature and other metrics between consecutive duck surveys
site fidelity
the tendency of individual waterfowl to return to and reuse specific locations (breeding or nesting sites) across different seasons or years.
Site fidelity is generally more profound in…
geese and swans
What are the costs of site fidelity?
Resource depletion upon arrival, inability to disperse to alternate habitat, increased risk of predation, increased vulnerability to harvest or predation
What are the benefits of site fidelity?
local familiarity with wetlands, food and other ultimate resources
What are focal SC areas?
- santee river delta
- santee-cooper lakes
- ACE basin
~ 30% of dabbling ducks in atlantic flyway winter in SC
Food limitation hypothesis
population dynamics and reproductive success of waterfowl are influenced by the availability of food in their habitats
What are the positive effects of Greentree Reservoir (GTRs) management?
Sustained, flooded wildlife habitat, water depth variable (if managed), food-water control, recreation and aesthetics, economically valuable for duck hunting
Negative effects of GTR mis-management
- decreased waterfowl use
- decrease acorn production and viability
- decreased invertebrate biomass and diversity
- decreased radial tree growth
Identify all metrics that the weather severity index model uses to predict migration patterns of mallards and other ducks.
Days below freezing, average daily temp, days with snow cover greater than 1 in, and snow depth
Name one agricultural seed that significantly decreased mallard weights
soybean
True or false: significant weight loss caused by ingesting soybeans was due to low metabolizable energy and protein by mallards fed this agricultural seed in a raw state
True!
Is burning a useful practice to conserve waste rice and provide habitat for wintering waterfowl?
yes!
Abundance of waste rice in Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) rice fields declines significantly during fall after harvest due to…
rice is planted early in spring, rice is harvested in early fall, herbivory, and decomposition of waste grain during fall
Abundance of waste rice in Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) rice fields declines significantly during fall after harvest due to the following EXCEPT:
fall rains promote a ratoon crop in the MAV
what are suitable foraging water depths for most dabbling duck and other waterbird species in managed and non-managed wetlands?
A range from mudflat to ~12-18inches
cumulative movements by North American waterfowl from breeding to wintering grounds and returning to breeding grounds represent:
both fall-winter and spring migration
Is more or less variety in relative water depth best to sustain ecological structure and function of forest communities in GTRs?
more
endogenous influences of migration include:
Zungunruhe and body condition
