PCP 130 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

How long can brain survive without oxygen

A

6 minutes

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2
Q

Upper airway includes

A

Nasopharynx (nasal cavity, turbinates, nasal septum, sinuses), oropharynx(tongue, palate)

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3
Q

Anatomy of lower airway

A

Trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles

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4
Q

How many lobes in right lung

A

3

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5
Q

How many lobes in left lung

A

2

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6
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Lines with ciliated mucous membrane

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7
Q

Turbinates

A

3 bony shelves
Protrude from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and extend into the nasal passageway

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8
Q

Nasal septum

A

Divides the nasopharynx into 2 passages
Composed of bone and cartilage

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9
Q

Sinuses

A

Cavities formed by cranial bones
Prevent contaminants from entering the respiratory tract

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10
Q

Tongue

A

Large muscle attached to the mandible and hyoid bone

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11
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Small, horseshoe shaped bone to which the jaw, epiglottis and thyroid cartilage also attach

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12
Q

Palate

A

Forms the roof of the mouth
Separates the oropharynx and nasopharynx

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13
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion formed by the maxilla and palatine bones

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14
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior to the hard palate

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15
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe
Conduit for air entry into the lungs
Consists of a series of c-shaped cartilaginous rings

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16
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Thin, slippery outer lining of lungs

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17
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines the inside of the thoracic cavity

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18
Q

Bronchioles

A

Made of smooth muscle; dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

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19
Q

Alveoli

A

Balloon like clusters of single layer air sacs
Functional site for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Surfactant

A

Proteinaceous substance lining the alveoli; decreases surface tension and keeps them expanded

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21
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveoli

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22
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle
Measure of the depth of breathing
In average adult man - 5-7 mL/kg
In infants and children - 6-8 mL/kg

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23
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume (3000 mL)

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24
Q

Dead space

A

Any portion of the airway where air lingers, but does not contain air and therefore cannot participate in gas exchange

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25
Anatomical dead space
Includes trachea and larger bronchi, where residual gas may remain at the end of inhalation Approximately 150 mL in adult male
26
Physiologic dead space
Areas created by intrapulmonary obstructions or atelectasis
27
Alveolar volume
Remaining volume of inhaled air Equal to tidal volume minus dead space volume Approximately 350 mL in adult male
28
Minute volume
Amount of air that moves in and out of the respiratory tract per minute Tidal volume X resp rate
29
Minute alveolar volume
The amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli per minute and participates in gas exchange (Tidal volume minus dead space volume ) X resp rate
30
Functional residual capacity
Amount of air that can be forced from the lungs in a single exhalation
31
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of air that is exhaled following normal exhalation Approximately 1200 mL
32
Residual volume
Air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation; also approximately 1200 mL in average adult male
33
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air
34
2 types of motor nerves affecting breathing
Phrenic nerve Intercostal nerve
35
Chemical controls of ventilation
Chemoreceptors Carbon dioxide content monitors Central chemoreceptors Increase in acidity of the CSF causes increased rate and depth of breathing Primary respiratory drive Hypoxia drive
36
Other controls of ventilations
Body temp Medications Hypoxia Acidosis Metabolic rate
37
Inhalation active or passive process
Active
38
Exhalation active or passive process
Passive process
39
Diffusion
Process in which a gas moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
40
Conditions that reduce the surface air for gas exchange
Flail chest Diaphragmatic injury Simple or tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax
41
Hypoventilation
Occurs when carbon dioxide production exceeds the body’s ability to eliminate it by ventilation
42
Hyperventilation
Occurs when carbon dioxide elimination exceeds production
43
Hypercapnia
Excess levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
44
Hypocapnia
Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
45
Normal resp rate in adults
12-20 breaths per minute
46
Normal resp rate in children ages 1-18 years
12-37 breaths per minute
47
Normal resp rate in infants ages 1 month to 1 year
30 - 53 breaths per minute
48
Dyspnea
Pain with breathing
49
Hypoxemia
Low levels of oxygen in the blood
50
Anoxia
Complete loss of oxygen to the body or brain
51
Apneustic respirations
Prolonged, gasping inhalation followed by extremely short, ineffective exhalation Associated with brain stem insult
52
Agonal respirations
Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasps Results from cerebral anoxia
53
Biot respirations
Irregular pattern, rate and depth with intermittent periods of apnea Results from increased intracranial pressure
54
Cheyne stokes respirations
Crescendo decrescendo breathing with a period of apnea between each cycle
55
Kussmaul respirations
Deep, rapid respirations Seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
56
Circumstances that effect spo2 reading
Bright ambient light Patient motion Poor perfusion Nail polish Venous pulsations Abnormal hemoglobin
57
End tidal carbon dioxide
Detects the presence of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath
58
OPA indications and contraindications
Indications - unresponsive patient, absent gag reflex Contraindications - responsive patient, intact gag reflex
59
D cylinder size
350 L of oxygen
60
M cylinder size
3450 L of oxygen
61
Cylinder constants - D,E,M,G,H,K
D - 0.16 E - 0.28 M - 1.56 G - 2.41 H - 3.14 K - 3.14
62
Nonrebreathing mask flow rate and oxygen percentage
12-15 L/min Approximately 90% inspired oxygen
63
Nasal cannula flow rate and oxygen percentage
1-6 L/min 24-44% oxygen
64
Simple face mask flow rate and oxygen percentage
6-10 L/min 40-60% oxygen

PCP 130 (9 decks)

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