Module 5

Question 1

the purpose of a laminate

Answer 1

to combine the best of all properties into a single packaging structure

Question 2

is made from bauxite, a clay-like deposit containing aluminum oxides and silicates

Answer 2

aluminum

Question 3

is a soft, silvery white, comparatively light metal (about one-third the weight of steel)

Answer 3

pure aluminum

Question 4

can be made by bonding two or more substrates together by different processes

Answer 4

laminate

Question 5

companies performing lamination are called

Answer 5

converters

Question 6

usual materials for laminate

Answer 6

polymers, paper aluminium foil, coatings

Question 7

in designing a laminate, the following are generally considered

Answer 7

sealing and innermost layer
barrier layer
physical properties layer
aesthetics properties layer
outermost layer and coatings
tie layers

Question 8

naming a laminate

Answer 8

outermost layer is named first

Question 9

majority of flexible packages are closed by

Answer 9

heat sealing

Question 10

heat sealer has three main variables:

Answer 10

temperature, pressure, dwell time

Question 11

heat-sealing material: highest cost, highest performance, seals through contaminants

Answer 11

ionomer

Question 12

heat-sealing material: good foil bond, good chemical resistance

Answer 12

acid polymers

Question 13

heat-sealing material: most economical, lowest performance, adequate for many uses

Answer 13

LDPE

Question 14

are the most economical sealing layer but they are weak and have limited temperature range

Answer 14

waxes & wax-based resins

Question 15

most common heat seal layer due to their versatility

Answer 15

LDPE

Question 16

heat sealing layer offering the best seal strength and can seal even through powders and fats

Answer 16

ionomers

Question 17

heat sealing layer that are used to increase adhesion to metals

Answer 17

acrylic polymers

Question 18

is the most common base resin for hot melts

Answer 18

EVA

Question 19

are based on elastomeric materials that have a great tendency to adhere to themselves but not to other materials

Answer 19

cold seals

Question 20

layer that should be as close to the product as possible

Answer 20

barrier layer

Question 21

offers 100% barrier

Answer 21

aluminum foil

Question 22

in thinner gauges, aluminum foil suffers

Answer 22

pinholing and flex cracking

Question 23

different types of barrier to be protected from

Answer 23

essential oils, moisture, oxygen, other gases, light

Question 24

reported as the rate which a permeant passes through a given thickness and area over 24 hours at atmospheric pressure

Answer 24

barrier properties

Question 25

oxygen permeability test

Answer 25

ASTM D3985

Question 26

test methods for oxygen permeability

Answer 26

ASTM E96 & ASTM D1294

Question 27

is expressed in a similar manner to oxygen permeability except it is measured by weight instead of volume

Answer 27

moisture permeability

Question 28

is usually sandwiched between two layers of PP

Answer 28

EVOH

Question 29

are popular for aesthetics because of their clarity and can be printed well with good register

Answer 29

OPP & PET

Question 30

means providing a good printing surface

Answer 30

aesthetics

Question 31

generally easy to print

Answer 31

paper

Question 32

is desirable for heavy products since it does not stretch and distort the package

Answer 32

material with low elongation

Question 33

has one of the highest tensile strength

Answer 33

PET

Question 34

has high elongation, used because something is done to circumnavigate this problem

Answer 34

PE

Question 35

best suited for puncture and scratching, also include primal meat cuts and coffee

Answer 35

PA

Question 36

range of low COF

Answer 36

0.12 to 0.2

Question 37

high COF in the range of

Answer 37

0.25 to 0.35

Question 38

ability to maintain a fold

Answer 38

dead fold

Question 39

has the best dead fold

Answer 39

aluminum foil