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INFC 215 > Module 5/6 > Flashcards

Module 5/6 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Who should use routine practices?

A

All healthcare workers.

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2
Q

When are routine practices used?

A

Whenever you expect to have contact with:

Body fluid (except sweat)

Mucous membranes

Nonintact skin

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3
Q

What fluids are included in routine practices?

A

All but sweat.

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4
Q

What are recommended for use during routine practices?

A

Hand washing

PPE

Patient care equipment

Environmental control

Linen

Occupational health and blood borne pathogens

Patient placement

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5
Q

When are gloves used?

A

Touching body fluids

Touching contaminated items

Performing invasive procedures

Performing tests

Handling patient specimens

Touching mucous membranes or broken skin

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6
Q

When should gloves be removed?

A

After use

Between patients

When soiled/damaged

When touching noncontaminated items or surfaces

If heavily contaminated

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7
Q

What is contact dermatitis and why is it a problem?

A

Caused by an allergy, results in broken skin.

Breaks the protective barrier of the skin, S. aureus infections can create a reservoir of bacteria.

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8
Q

When are masks worn?

A

If there’s a danger of aerosols or splashes of infectious material.

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9
Q

What types of masks are there?

A

Procedure/surgical- expandable, filter 95% efficiency

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10
Q

What else can gloves be used for?

A

Creating a waterproof dressing.

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11
Q

What masks must be fit tested?

A

HEPA

N95

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12
Q

How are masks used?

A

Metal nosepiece at top

Coloured side out (fluid resistant)

Replace if wet

Tie top first

Untie bottom first

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13
Q

When are goggles/face shields used?

A

When there is danger of infectious material on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose or mouth.

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14
Q

What types of face protection are there?

A

Goggles- surround eye area

Safety glasses- impact protection but less splash/droplet

Face shield- protect eyes, made and mouth

Full face respirators

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15
Q

When are gowns worn?

A

If there is danger of contamination with infectious materials.

To prevent the transfer of microbes between patients.

When noted in the door.

If the patient has MRSA.

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16
Q

What types of gowns are there?

A

Cloth, paper or plastic

Nonsterile

Sterile

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17
Q

How do you don and doff PPE?

A

Donning: hand hygiene, gown, mask, eye/face protection, gloves

Doffing: gloves, gown, hand hygiene, eye/face protection, mask, hand hygiene

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18
Q

What does hand hygiene refer to?

A

Soap and water- whenever hands are visibly soiled

Alcohol based hand rubs

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19
Q

Why is hand hygiene important?

A

Prevents nosocomial infections, most important procedure.

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20
Q

When should hand hygiene be preformed?

A

When hands contact body fluids or contaminated equipment

Before/after gloves

After a tear/leak in gloves

Before leaving work area

Between patients

After the bathroom or personal care

Before/after eating

At the end of the shift

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21
Q

What are the four moments of hand hygiene?

A

Before patient/environment contact

Before aseptic procedure

After body fluid exposure

After patient/environment contact

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22
Q

What types of sops re used for hand washing?

A

Nonantibacterial- reduces surface tension so bacteria is washed away, routine

Antibacterial- reduces surface tension and kills some microbes, critical care, nurseries, ER, OR, delivery and medication, burn/dialysis/transplant, after ARO contact

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23
Q

What is the best hand sanitizer?

A

70% ethanol or isopropyl

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24
Q

How are needle injuries prevented?

A

Activate safety device

Discard immediately

Use puncture resistant container

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25
How is broken glass cleaned up?
Uncontaminated- broom/dustpan or wet paper towel, discarded Contaminated- decontaminate for 10 min before cleaned up, put in biohazard broken glass
26
How are large/moderate body fluid spills cleaned up?
Wear PPE Contain the spill Sweep/scoop/wipe up Biohazard discard Decontaminate for 10 min
27
How do you clean up small spills?
Gloves Moisten if dried Wipe with disinfectant Discard in biohazards
28
How are specimen spills cleaned?
PPE Decontaminate with disinfectant for 10 min Decontaminate surface with fresh disinfectant for 10 min
29
What is considered biohazardous waste?
Anything contaminated with body fluids
30
How are specimens transported?
In sealed containers
31
What is considered occupational/significant exposure to body fluids?
Skin is pierced by a contaminated sharp Splash on mucous membrane Contact with nonintact skin Human bite
32
What is the protocol for significant exposure?
First aid Allow bleeding Wash Bandage Flush surface with water Report to supervisor, who reports to occupational health Go to emergency
33
What info should be included in a report of significant exposure?
Route of exposure Source Volume Times since injury Extent of injury Type and promptness of treatment Hep B immunization status
34
What are standard/routine practices?
Measures of protection applied consistently to all patients to protect workers, patients and visitors.
35
Who implements routine practices?
Infection protection and control practitioners.
36
Why and when are transmission based precautions used?
To minimize the spread of infection. Separates patients with transmissible infections. Protects immunocompromised patients.
37
What are the types of transmission based precautions?
Airborne- transmitted by droplet nuclei Droplet- transmitted by droplets Contact- transmitted by direct or indirect contact
38
What are the types of isolation rooms?
Negative pressure- air flows into room, keeps microorganisms from leaving, protects others, HEPA filtration Positive pressure- air can flow out of the room, protects immunocompromised patients, reverse isolation/protective environment
39
How are items from isolation rooms discarded?
Permanent equipment is left Equipment removed is bagged for discard or transported to be cleaned
40
How are isolation patients moved?
Try not to Appropriate PPE Protect wheelchair Notify receiving department
41
What is sterilization?
Destruction of all microbial life (including spores, but not prions)
42
What is disinfection?
Destruction of pathogens but not all microorganisms. Several levels. Usually chemical.
43
What is terminal disinfection?
Disinfection after a patient leaves the area.
44
What is antisepsis?
Mild disinfection for living tissue.
45
What is sanitation?
Disinfection of eating utensils and dishes. Mechanical or chemical.
46
What is cleaning?
Removal of soul/body secretions.
47
What are SUDs?
Single use devices.
48
What needs to be sterile?
Anything contacting sterile body tissue. Containers to collect patient specimens. Contaminated materials before disposal.
49
What are the methods of sterilization?
Incineration- terminal decontamination of waste, burns at high temps, off site Autoclave- steam under pressure (121°C, 15psi, 15 min) Ethylene oxide- gas sterilization, heat sensitive items, 8hrs, toxic
50
What items can be sterilized using autoclave?
Surgical instruments Dressings Surgical gowns Anything that can withstand heat Not good for plastics or rubber
51
How are autoclaves checked to ensure they are sterilizing adequately?
Spore strips If growth occurs afterwards the spores aren't killed and the autoclave isn't working properly.
52
What properties are looked for in a disinfectant?
Broad spectrum Rapid action Resistance to inactivation Nontoxic, odourless, nondestructive Residual action User friendly Economical
53
What are the Spaulding classification of items requiring disinfection/sterilization?
Critical- must be sterile Semi-critical- no pathogens Non-critical- no inhalable microbes
54
How resistant are microbes to disinfection?
Vegetative bacteria- least Lipid viruses Fungi Nonlipid viruses Tubercle bacilli Bacterial spores- most resistant
54
What are the levels of disinfection?
Low- kill vegetative cells and lipid viruses Intermediate- everything except nonlipid viruses and spores are killed High- everything is killed given sufficient time, essentially sterilants
55
Items sterilized with liquid chemical would be termed what?
Critical items
56
If disinfectant residue is removed with water that isn't sterile what is the item termed?
Semi-critical
57
What are examples of low level disinfectants and their properties?
Soaps/detergents- cleaning and skin antisepsis, economical, efficacy decreases with heavy load, wetting agents Quatenary ammonium cpds (zephiran)- synergistic with other products, wetting agents, some antibacterial action (G+), economical, inactivated by soaps, detergents, hard water, fibres, organic material
58
What are examples of intermediate level disinfectants and their properties?
Alcohols (70% isopropyl ethanol)- skin antisepsis, tops of vials, kills bacteria and lipid viruses but not HBV, no resistance, not effective with heavy loads, must check expiry dates Chlorine (bleach)- Arron or weak, known biological spill contamination, routine disinfection, kills everything but spores, 10min, dilute daily, doesn't work for metal, rubber or plastic, inactivates BBP Iodophores (preodyne betadine)- skin antisepsis, cleaning, broad spectrum but not HBV, diluted daily, allergies, tincture = with alcohol, povidone = with detergent Complex phenolic cpds (chlorohexidine gluconate or hexachlorophen-phisohex)- hand washing/skin antisepsis, broad spectrum, doesn't kill spores, toxic (not used on newborns), critical care units
59
What are examples of high level disinfectants and their properties?
Glutaraldehyde (cidex, cold spore)- rubbers, plastics and metals, equipment sterilization, broad spectrum, toxic, expensive, disinfects in 10min, sterilized in 10hr, can't sterilize critical items Peroxygens (h2o2, peracetic acid)- heat sensitive objects, endoscopes, 3% disinfects, 25% sporicidal
60
What is pasteurization?
Intermediate level of disinfection using moist heat (75-77°C) for 30 min. Kills everything but spores.
61
What is pasteurization primarily used for?
Reusable tubing from respiratory equipment. Not hospital- milk products
62
What is filtration?
The removal of microorganisms from liquids and air by the use of filters with small pores.
63
What types of filters are there and what are they used for?
Membrane- remove microorganisms from fluids, IV solutions, drugs, lines of respiratory equipment to keep patient bugs from contaminating the environment and parts of the equipment HEPA- air filtration, convoluted passages removes smaller microorganisms, isolation rooms, BSCs
64
What are microfibre cloths used for?
Environmental cleaning of surfaces, trap microorganisms in the fibres.
65
How is UV light used for microbial control?
Inactivates viruses and destroys some bacteria (not spores). Reduces the number of airborne microorganisms. Direct exposure required. Water treatment.
66
How is ionizing radiation used for microbial control?
Destroys microorganisms in blood products for transfusion or food for immunocompromised patients.
67
What is moist heat and how does it prevent microbial growth?
Boiling Destroys most microorganisms in 10min. Not effective against spores, 6-8hrs to destroy botulism. 2% bicarbonate can increase effectiveness.
68
What is the purpose of aseptic technique?
Prevention of sepsis in patient. Keep sterile materials sterile.
69
What are the applications of aseptic technique?
Removing sterile solution from vial for injection. Removing a sterile swab, collecting patient sample and returning it to the package for transit. Removing sterile dressings from package for patient use.

INFC 215 (6 decks)

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