Module 5- Instrumentation

Question 1

True/False: spectrophotometers are classified as single or double beam

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The relationship between absorption of light bya a solution and the concentration of that solution

Answer 2

Beer’s law

Question 3

Used to measure the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light-absorbing substance in the solution

Answer 3

Spectrophotometer

Question 4

Most common light source for work in the visible ans near-infrared region

Answer 4

Incadescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp

Question 5

Lamps most commonly used for UV work

Answer 5

Deuterium-discharge lamp and the mercury-arc lamp

Question 6

______ minimizes unwanted or stray light

Answer 6

Entrance slit

Question 7

Most common cause of loss of linearity at high-analyte concentration

Answer 7

Stray light

Question 8

Isolates individual wavelengths of light

Answer 8

Monochromator

Question 9

Defines the range of wavelengths transmitted

Answer 9

Bandpass

Question 10

Wedge-shaped pieces of glass, quartz, and sodium chloride

Answer 10

Prism

Question 11

Most commonly used monochromator

Answer 11

Diffraction gratings

Question 12

A monochromator that can split/isolate stray light

Answer 12

Filters

Question 13

Allows only a narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach the sample cuvette

Answer 13

Exit slit

Question 14

True/False: Accurate absorbance measurement requires a bandpass less than 1/4 the natural bandpass of the spectrophotometer

Answer 14

False, 1/5 dapat

Question 15

Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measured

Answer 15

Cuvette/sample cell/absorption cell/ analytical cell

Question 16

Used for applications requiring UV radiation

Answer 16

Quartz cuvette

Question 17

True/False: Cuvette with scratches on their optical surface do not scatter light and should be discarded

Answer 17

False, bcs it scatters light

Question 18

Converts the transmitted radiant energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy

Answer 18

Photodetector

Question 19

What are the 4 kinds of photodetector?

Answer 19

1. Barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell
2. Phototube
3. Photomultiplier tube
4. Photodiode

Question 20

A photodetector with low sensitivity but high/excellent linearity

Answer 20

Photodiode

Question 21

A photodetector with excellent sensitivity and has rapid response; most commonly used detector

Answer 21

Photomultiplier tube

Question 22

A photodetector that requires external voltage for operation

Answer 22

Phototube

Question 23

______ is a temperature sensitive photodetector

Answer 23

Barrier layer cell/ photocell/ photovoltaic cell

Question 24

Most useful as a simultaneous multichannel detector

Answer 24

Photodiode

Question 25

Displays output of the detection system

Answer 25

Meter or read-out device

Question 26

True/False: atomic absorption spectrophotometry is sensitive and precise

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Enumerate the part of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (in sequence)

Answer 27

1. Hollow-cathode lamp 2. Chopper 3. Flame 4. Entrance slit 5. Monochromator 6. Exit slit 7. Detector 8. Read-out

Question 28

Most common burner

Answer 28

Premix long-path burner

Question 29

Enumerate the parts of a basic filter fluoremeter (in sequence)

Answer 29

1. Light/source 2. Attenuator 3. Primary filter 4. Sample holder 5. Secondary filter 6. Detector 7. Read-out

Question 30

Most frequently used sources of excitation radiant energy

Answer 30

Gas-discharge lamps (mercury and xenon-arc)

Question 31

True/False: fluorometry increases specificity by selecting the optimal wavelength for both absorption and fluorescence

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True/False: AAS is approx. 1000 times more sensitive than most spectrophotometric methods

Answer 32

False, it should be fluorometer

Question 33

Modification of electrophoresis

Answer 33

Isoelectric focusing

Question 34

Aka liquid-solid chromatography

Answer 34

Adsorption chromatography

Question 35

Also referred as liquid chromatography

Answer 35

Partition chromatography

Question 36

Uses pressure for fast separations, controlled temp., in-line detectors amd gradient elution techniques

Answer 36

Modern liquid chromatography

Question 37

Current ultracentrifugation can spin as much as ___________ per minute

Answer 37

150, 000 rotations

Question 38

Mechanization of the steps in a procedure; mimic the manual techniques in an analytical procedure

Answer 38

Automation

Question 39

Continuous, single channel;approx. 40 samples per hour

Answer 39

First autoanalyzer (AA)

Question 40

Desire to bring the laboratory testing to patient

Answer 40

Point-of-care testing

Question 41

Law mandates that all labs must be regulated using the same standards regardless of location, type or size.

Answer 41

CLIA '88

Question 42

Simple; low risk for incorrect result; performed by trained personnel

Answer 42

Waived POCT