Module 5 - Morphology

Question 1

What does Lexicon refer to? 3 things

Answer 1

Phonological representation (Pronunciation knowledge)
Orthographic representation (Spelling knowledge)
Grammatical (syntactic) information (Eg, Word classification knowledge)

Question 2

Define Morphology

Answer 2

The rules of word structure and formation

Question 3

Define Morpheme

Answer 3

Smallest unit of word with meaning or function

Question 4

Content words are ____ Morphemes

Answer 4

Lexical Morphemes - because the words can have meanings in a dictionary

Question 5

List word classes in Lexical Morphemes?

Answer 5

Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs

Question 6

Why are lexical morphemes open class?

Answer 6

Because new words can be made to represent a new activity
Eg Google, Twitter

Question 7

What are Proper Nouns?

Answer 7

Names of people, institutions or brands
Usually begins with Capital letter

Question 8

What are Count Nouns?

Answer 8

Nouns that can take on a plural form
Can be counted
Eg. Dog / Dogs
1 fish / 2 fish
Box / boxes
Child / Children

Question 9

What are Mass Nouns?

Answer 9

Uncountable nouns
Eg milk, many milks , a jug of milk
Bread, breads, 2 bread, one loaf of bread

Question 10

What are Collective Nouns?

Answer 10

Nouns referring to a group/collection of another noun
A loaf of bread
A group of people
A flock of sheep

Question 11

What are verbs?

Answer 11

Describe doing, being words

Question 12

Describe Verb tense

Answer 12

Verbs tense forms indicate when an action took place
Eg, walked (past tense), walking (present tense)

Question 13

Can words be verbs or nouns?

Answer 13

Yes, depends on linguistic context
Eg Skiing
He was skiing down the slope (verb)
Skiing is a good way to exercise (noun)

Question 14

What are adjectives?

Answer 14

Words that describe nouns
attributes

Question 15

What is the function of adjectives?

Answer 15

To modify nouns
Eg, shape, taste, size colour, judgement

Question 16

What are the forms of an adjective?

Answer 16

Often gradable
- Comparative
Comparison between 2 nouns
Bigger
- Superlative
Comparison between 2 or more nouns and to the highest and lowest degree
Biggest

Question 17

What are adverbs?

Answer 17

Words that describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs
Time
Manner
Quantity
Frequency
Often ends with an ‘ly’

Question 18

Function words are ____ Morphemes

Answer 18

Grammatical Morphemes because they serve a grammar function
No clear lexical meaning

Question 19

Why are function words closed class?

Answer 19

Because no new words are made in this class

Question 20

Conjunctions:

Answer 20

But, and, because

Question 21

Prepositions:

Answer 21

In, on, at after

Question 22

Determiners:

Answer 22

The, a, an

Question 23

Pronouns:

Answer 23

They, we

Question 24

Neologism:

Answer 24

Made up word

Question 25

Free morphemes:

Answer 25

Morphemes that can stand alone and have meaning Eg. Cat, love, jump, she, him

Question 26

Monomorphemic word:

Answer 26

A word that consists of ONE free morpheme Eg. Cat (noun), cook(verb)

Question 27

How many morphemes are in Cats

Answer 27

2 morphemes Cat(free, root morpheme)+s(bound morpheme, suffix)

Question 28

How many morphemes are in "She looks?"

Answer 28

3 morphemes She (free morpheme) + look (free, root morpheme)+ s (bound morpheme [affix])

Question 29

Bound morphemes:

Answer 29

Morphemes that must be attached to other morphemes Affixes (ed) past tense, (s) plural, (-ist) a person who does whatever comes before (ist)

Question 30

Prefixes

Answer 30

Affix that precedes other morphemes Un-'unhappy' Pro-'proactive' Dis-'disarm'

Question 31

Suffixes

Answer 31

Affixes that follow other morphemes Ing 'eating' Er 'bigger' Ist 'typist' Ly 'manly'

Question 32

Infixes

Answer 32

Affix inserted into other morphemes Fan-FREAKING-tastic Un-BLOODY-likely

Question 33

Circumfixes

Answer 33

Affix attached to the front and end of a morpheme EM-bold-EN

Question 34

Anomalies: Bound Root Morphemes and Cran-morphs

Answer 34

A small number of bound morphemes are roots but do not stand alone ReCEIVE biLINGUAL CRANberry

Question 35

Anomalies: Compound Words

Answer 35

Two or more free morphemes, root morphemes joined together to form a new word Bittersweet, smartphone Usually the compound word takes on the class of the second word Eg smartphone (noun)

Question 36

Derivational Morpheme

Answer 36

Affixes that changes the word class Dance (verb) -> DancER (noun)

Question 37

Inflectional Morpheme (4)

Answer 37

Grammatical morpheme Tense and number Does not change word class Always comes last in a word

Question 38

Productive Morphemes

Answer 38

Morphemes that are used frequently Productive morphemes change over time -s 'bananaS' -ed 'pastED'

Question 39

Allomorphs

Answer 39

Alternative variations of the same morpheme /s/ /kæts/ /z/ /dɔɡz/ /əz/ /ho:səz/

Question 40

Allomorphs of plural morpheme -s:

Answer 40

/s/ /z/ /əz/

Question 41

Allomorphs of past tense morpheme -d:

Answer 41

/ed/ Plaited /plætəd/ /d/ Grabbed /græbd/ /t/ Ripped /ɹɪpt/

Question 42

Allomorphs of 3rd person singular present verbs

Answer 42

Eats - /iːts/ Needs - /niːdz/ Rushes /ɹɐʃez/

Question 43

Allomorphs of possessive

Answer 43

Ship's - /ʃɪps/ Woman's - /wʉːmənz/ Judge's - /dʒɐdʒɪz/