Module 5: Neuro

Question 1

Where are nuclei found?

Answer 1

In the CNS

Question 2

Where are ganglia/plexuses found?

Answer 2

in the PNS

Question 3

what are the 2 ways for neurons to communicate?

Answer 3

Chemical (neurotransmitters)
Electrical (action potential)

Question 4

What are astrocytes?

Answer 4

They wrap around blood vessels (blood-brain barrier, memories, etc)

Question 5

Where are ependymal cells?

Answer 5

in the central spinal fluid cavity lining

Question 6

What are microglia?

Answer 6

CNS macrophage

Question 7

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 7

CNS myelin

Question 8

name the 4 types of neuroglia?

Answer 8

ependymal cells, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes

Question 9

what is the role of synaptic knobs?

Answer 9

synapse with other structures, release neurotransmitters

Question 10

What pump is important for action potentials?

Answer 10

Sodium-Potassium pump

Question 11

Lifecycle of neurotransmission

Answer 11

synthesis, vesicular storage, release, reabsorption/degradation

Question 12

name the 6 types of synapses?

Answer 12

axosecretory, axoaxonic, axodendritic, axoextracellular, axosomatic, axosynaptic

Question 13

Explain axosecretory synapses

Answer 13

axon terminal secretes directly into the bloodstream

Question 14

Explain axoaxonic synapses

Answer 14

axon terminal secretes into another axon

Question 15

Explain axodendritic synapses

Answer 15

axon terminal ends on a dendrite spine

Question 16

Explain axoextracellular synapses

Answer 16

axon with no connection secretes into extracellular fluid

Question 17

Explain axosomatic synapses

Answer 17

axon terminal ends on soma

Question 18

Explain axosynaptic synapses

Answer 18

axon terminal ends on another axon terminal

Question 19

name the 8 main neurotransmitters

Answer 19

adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, acetylcholine, glutamate, endorphins

Question 20

role of adrenaline

Answer 20

fight or flight neurotransmitter
produced in stressful or exciting situations, increases heartrate & blood flow, leading to a physical boost and heightened awareness

Question 21

role of noradrenaline

Answer 21

concentration neurotransmitter
affects attention & responding actions in the brain, involved in fight or flight response, contracts blood vessels increasing blood flow

Question 22

role of dopamine

Answer 22

pleasure neurotransmitter
feelings of pleasure and addition, movement and motivation. people repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release

Question 23

role of serotonin

Answer 23

mood neurotransmitter
contributes to well-being and happiness; helps with sleep cycle and digestive system regulation. affected by exercise and light exposure

Question 24

role of GABA

Answer 24

calming neurotransmitter
calms firing nerves in CNS. high levels improve focus; low levels cause anxiety. also contributes to motor control and vision

Question 25

role of acetylcholine

Answer 25

learning neurotransmitter involved in thought, learning and memory. activates muscle action in the body. also associated with attention and awakening

Question 26

role of glutamate

Answer 26

memory neurotransmitter most common brain neurotransmitter, involved in learning & memory, regulates the development and creation of nerve contacts

Question 27

role of endorphins

Answer 27

euphoria neurotransmitters released during exercise, excitement & sex., producing well-being & euphoria, reducing pain.