Module 5: Psychology Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
psychology
A
study of mind and behavior
2
Q
psychologist
A
- evaluates behavior
- practices individual, group, and family therapy
3
Q
psychiatrist
A
- assesses behavior
- conducts and prescribes interventions
- provides ongoing therapy
- prescribes medications
4
Q
growth
A
- physical
- infant to adult
- physiological changes that occur as people age
5
Q
development
A
- physiological, emotional, mental, social, interactive, spiritual, and physical changes
6
Q
Erikson’s stages of development
A
- eight stages
- psychosocial challenges faced at different life stages
7
Q
trust vs. mistrust
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- infants
- form attachment and trust with caregiver
- trust own body
- achieving results in self-confidence and optimism
- not achieving results in suspiciousness and struggles with relationships
8
Q
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- toddlers
- develop independence and self-control
- acquire language skills
- achieving results in self-control and voluntary delay of gratification
- not achieving results in anger, lack of confidence, no pride
9
Q
initiative vs. guilt
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- preschoolers
- looking for new experiences
- hesitate when reprimanded
- active imagination and curious
- some guilt for actions is part of natural development of moral judgment
- achieving results in assertiveness, dependability, creativity, and personal achievement
- not achieving results in inadequacy, guilt, belief that they deserve punishment
10
Q
industry vs. inferiority
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- school-age children
- need recognition for achievements
- achieving results in competence, self-satisfaction, trustworthiness, increased participation, responsibility
- not achieving results in inadequacy, inability to compromise and cooperate
11
Q
identity vs. role confusion
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- adolescents
- figuring out where they fit in and what direction life should take
- achieving results in emotional stability, ability to form committed relationships, sounds-decision making
- not achieving results in lack of personal goals, rebelliousness, self-consciousness, lack of self-confidence
12
Q
intimacy vs. isolation
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- young adults
- think about partnership, marriage, family, career
- achieving results in self-respect, intimacy, commitment to others and a career
- not achieving results in social isolation, job changes, lack of productivity, inability to form long-term relationships
13
Q
generativity vs. stagnation
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- middle adults
- continue raising children
- want to mold future generations
- involve themselves in teaching, coaching, social activism in the community
- achieving results in professional and personal achievements, active participation in the community
- not achieving results in self-preoccupation without capacity to give and share with others
14
Q
ego integrity vs. despair
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- older adults
- retire, volunteer to feel useful, health problems
- achieving results in wisdom, self-acceptance, sense of self-worth
- not achieving results in worthlessness, helplessness, depression, anger, inability to accept death
15
Q
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A
- individuals have needs ranging from basic to complex
- pyramid
16
Q
physiological needs
A
- 1st step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- needs to sustain life
- food, air, water, homeostasis, reproduction, rest, physical activity
- all individuals with illness are at this step
17
Q
safety and security
A
- 2nd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- feeling emotionally and physically safe in environment
- health, employment, property, family
18
Q
love and belonging
A
- 3rd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- meaningful relationships
- friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection
19
Q
self-esteem
A
- 4th step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- recognizing accomplishments
- confidence, achievement, respect for others, need to be a unique individual
20
Q
self-actualization
A
- 5th and final step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- full potential as a human being
- morality, spontaneity, creativity, acceptance, experience, purpose, meaning, inner potential
21
Q
Kubler Ross stages of grief
A
- result of experience working with dying patients
- not everyone grieves in the same way
- some may skip stages or be in multiple at once
22
Q
denial
A
- 1st stage of grief
- cannot or will not believe loss has happened
- support patient, give information about disease and treatment
23
Q
anger
A
- 2nd stage of grief
- aim feelings of hostility toward others
- don’t take anger personally, explain anger is normal
24
Q
bargaining
A
- 3rd stage of grief
- attempts to avoid loss by making a deal
- search for alternative solutions
- hoping for a previous life
- listen with attention, encourage patient to express feelings
25
depression (grief)
- 4th stage of grief
- reality sets in
- feeling sad, lonely, helpless
- don't pressure to share feelings, support, support groups or counseling
26
acceptance
- 5th stage of grief
- comes to terms with loss
- makes plans for moving on
- offer encouragement, support, and additional education
27
office accommodations for disabilities
- wheelchair space/access
- no tripping hazards
- rubber sills in doorways
- Braille and large print for those with vision loss
- speak clearly and in patient's line of sight for those with hearing loss, offer sign language interpreter
28
first step when working with patients who have mental and emotional challenges
determine how they communicate and what level of communication they can understand
29
stressor
anything that causes anxiety or stress
30
white coat syndrome
- coming to healthcare facility causes tress
- increased blood pressure
31
environmental stressors
- things in environment: air pollution, UV rays, overcrowding, language/culture barriers, discrimination
- events in environment: death, theft, vandalism, car crash, assault, job/school problems
- major disasters: fires, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, war
32
socioeconomic stressors
- financial situations
- changes in economy
- lack of job security
- loss of home or vehicle
- minimal health insurance
33
PTSD
causes anxiety, insomnia, anger, loss of interest in daily activities, and flashbacks to traumatizing event
34
depression
- inadequate stress management
- sad, hopeless, helpless, little interest in life, indecisive, fatigue, weight changes, withdrawal, self-harm
- natural response to loss or trauma
- long-lasting needs treatment by counseling, medication, other therapies
35
anxiety
- inadequate stress management
- feeling of apprehension, dread, uneasiness, or uncertainty as a result of a real or perceived threat
- normal response to stressful life events, can be helpful in keeping a person's focus on something important
- restlessness, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping, loss of focus, pulse and breathing rate increases, sweating, nausea
- may progress to panic: losing touch with reality, cannot function
36
when working with patients with depression or anxiety
- remain calm, focus on patient
- ensure patient safety, provide basic needs
- provide quiet environment
- avoid lots of questions
37
critical factor that provides a clue to how a patient will respond to stress
self-esteem
38
Mini-Mental State Exam
- 5-minute test
- evaluate mental functioning
- 5 areas: orientation, registration, attention/ calculation, recall, language
39
orientation: mini-mental state exam
- ask pt the date or season and where present location is
40
registration: mini-mental state exam
- name three unrelated objects and asks pt to repeat them
41
attention and calculation: mini-mental state exam
- ask pt to begin at 100 and count backward by 7, five times
42
recall: mini-mental state exam
- ask pt to name the three objects from registration step
43
language: mini-mental state exam
- name object pointed to
- repeat a statement
- follow three stage command
- read direction and follow it
- write a sentence of pts choosing
- copy a design
44
defense mechanism
- a strategy used to protect self from negative emotions
- generally unaware that they are using these responses
- used in negative or positive way
45
apathy
- indifference
- lack of interest, feeling, concern, emotion
46
compensation
- method of balancing failure with accomplishment
47
conversion
- transformation of anxiety into physical symptoms
48
denial
- avoidance of unpleasant or anxiety-provoking situations by rejecting or ignoring them
49
displacement
- redirection of emotions away from original subject onto a less threatening subject
50
dissociation
- disconnection of emotional importance from ideas or events and compartmentalizing those emotions into different parts fo awareness
51
identification
- attributing characteristics of someone else to oneself
52
intellectualization
- analysis of the situation with facts and no emotions
53
introjection
- adoption of thoughts and feelings of others
54
physical avoidance
- keeping away from person or place that evokes unpleasant memories
55
projection
- transferring unpleasant ideas and emotions onto someone else
56
rationalization
- explanation that makes something negative seem justifiable
57
reaction formation
- belief in and expression of the opposite of one's true feelings
58
regression
- reverting to more childlike behavior
59
repression
- elimination of unpleasant emotions, desires, or problems from the conscious mind
60
sarcasm
- use of words that have the opposite meaning
- to be funny, insulting, or irritating
61
sublimation
- rechanneling unacceptable urges or drives into something constructive or acceptable
62
suppression
- voluntary blocking of unpleasant experience from one's awareness
63
undoing
- canceling out an unacceptable behavior with a symbolic gesture
64
verbal aggression
- verbal attack on person without addressing the original intent of the conversation
