Module 6

Question 1

___________ and ___________ operators are special operators which are unique to C and C++

Answer 1

Increment and decrement

Question 2

The effect of these is to increase or decrease the value of the variable by 1.

Answer 2

Increment and decrement

Question 3

The ________________ is denoted by ++ (now you
can guess why the updated version of C was called C++

Answer 3

increment operator

Question 4

The ________________ is denoted by –

Answer 4

decrement operator

Question 5

i++; ( the ________ form )

Answer 5

postfix

Question 6

++i; ( the ________ form )

Answer 6

prefix

Question 7

both of i++ and ++i which are equivalent to
__________ or they can be part of an expression.

Answer 7

i = i + 1;

Question 8

The __________ version will use the old (not incremented) value in the expression, then once the expression has
ended (shown by a semicolon) only then is the value incremented.

Answer 8

postfix

Question 9

The ___________ form increments the value straight
away, so the new value is used.

Answer 9

prefix

Question 10

So if you set i = 10; and then print out its value, the expression
cout &laquo_space;_________ «endl;
will print out the value of 10. Once this expression is finished (once the endl; has been executed) then i is
incremented to give the new value of 11.

Answer 10

i++

Question 11

On the other hand, if you used cout &laquo_space;________ «endl; then the first thing that happens is that i gets incremented, so
the value printed out is 11.

Answer 11

++i

Question 12

// increment straight away

Answer 12

++i

Question 13

// increment, but use old value if i++ is part of
an existing expression

Answer 13

i++

Question 14

// decrement straight away

Answer 14

–i

Question 15

// decrement, but use old value if i– is part of
an existing expression

Answer 15

i–

Question 16

_________ have as objective to repeat a statement a certain number of times or while a condition is fulfilled.

Answer 16

Loops

Question 17

its function is simply to repeat statement while expression is true.

Answer 17

while loop

Question 18

The while loop format is:

Answer 18

while (expression) statement

Question 19

When the program starts the user is prompted to insert a starting number for the countdown. Then the _______ loop begins, if the value entered by the user fulfills the condition, the block of instructions that follows will execute an indefinite number of times while the condition remains true.

Answer 19

while

Question 20

The do-while loop format is:

Answer 20

do statement while (condition);

Question 21

The __________ loop performs the statements first and then tests the condition. This means that the body of the loop is always executed at least once.

Answer 21

do…while

Question 22

The _________ loop performs the conditional test first and then executes the loop, so the statements within a loop may never be executed.

Answer 22

while

Question 23

The general form of a do…while loop is

Answer 23

do
{
statements;
}while(test_condition);

Question 24

There is a ___________ at the end of the while condition statement.
This terminates the whole statement and results in one more _______ than the equivalent while loop.

Answer 24

semi-colon

Question 25

The for loop format is:

Answer 25

for (initialization; condition; increment) statement;

Question 26

Many loops have these characteristics in common: 1. __________, 2. _____________________________________________, 3. ______________.

Answer 26

1. initialization, 2. a condition which evaluates either to FALSE or TRUE 3. an increment.

Question 27

The for keyword marks the beginning of the code which will be repeated according to the conditions supplied in the parenthesis following the for. The general form of the statement is for ( ________ ; __________; ___________) { statements; } // end for

Answer 27

initialization; condition; increment

Question 28

The _______________ statement is carried out only once when the loop is first entered.

Answer 28

initialization

Question 29

The __________ is tested before each run through the body of the loop.

Answer 29

condition

Question 30

The first test is immediately after ____________, so if the test fails the statements in the body are not run - just like a while loop.

Answer 30

initialization

Question 31

The third expression, usually an increment or decrement to alter the _______________, is executed after the loop body and before the next test. This is the same as putting the increment or decrement at the end of a while loop.

Answer 31

test condition variable

Question 32

________ provides places to specify an initialization instruction and an increase instruction. So this loop is specially designed to perform a repetitive action with a counter.

Answer 32

for loop

Question 33

Using the _______________ we can specify more than one instruction in any of the fields included in a for loop, like in initialization, for example.

Answer 33

comma operator (,)

Question 34

The _________________ is an instruction separator, it serves to separate more than one instruction where only one instruction is generally expected.

Answer 34

comma operator (,)

Question 35

Using _________ we can leave a loop even if the condition for its end is not fulfilled.

Answer 35

break

Question 36

It can be used to end an infinite loop, or to force it to end before its natural end. For example, we are going to stop the count down before it naturally finishes

Answer 36

break

Question 37

The ___________ instruction causes the program to skip the rest of the loop in the present iteration as if the end of the statement block would have been reached, causing it to jump to the following iteration. For example, we are going to skip the number 5 in our countdown:

Answer 37

continue

Question 38

It allows making an absolute jump to another point in the program.

Answer 38

goto instruction

Question 39

You should use this feature carefully since its execution ignores any type of nesting limitation.

Answer 39

goto instruction

Question 40

The destination point is identified by a label, which is then used as an argument for the _______ instruction. A label is made of a valid identifier followed by a colon (:).

Answer 40

goto

Question 41

exit is a function defined in _________ library.

Answer 41

cstdlib (stdlib.h)

Question 42

The purpose of _________ is to terminate the running program with an specific exit code.

Answer 42

exit function

Question 43

exit function prototype

Answer 43

void exit (int exit code);

Question 44

The _________ code is used by some operating systems and may be used by calling programs.

Answer 44

exit

Question 45

By convention, an ______ code of 0 means that the program finished normally and any other value means an error happened.

Answer 45

exit