MODULE 6 Flashcards
5 criteria for minerals
- naturally occuring
- inorganic
- solid
- definite chemical composition
- ordered internal structure: crystal structure
What is mainly driving demand for critical raw materials?
The transition to clean energy
Explain how our conquest for clean energy contributes to a circular dilemma.
Transitioning to a battery-dependent system essentially means increasing our production of lithiums, which many predict the demand to increase 9 times its original amount by 2040.
used in key technologies in sectors such as energy, electronics, healthcare, and defense. They have high economic value and are extremely vulnerable to supply disruption.
Critical materials
We produce __________ (mineral) for which country?
Nickel; China
Where are mineral deposits located?
in volcanic arcs which need to release stress via fault zones
(Constant) Minimum Requirements for Mining
Mining Tenement (RA 7942, DAO No. 2010-21)
How many areas are developed mining tenements and how many have high mineral potential?
23% of the total land area (30M hectares) = 758,864.23 hectares; 9M hectares
Two types of mineral resources
Metallic and Non-metallic
sources where you can extract metals; more expensive
Metallic
used for industries/construction; more prevalent than metal
Non-metallic
Environmental Impacts and Risks of Mineral Developments
Climate Change, Threat to Biodiversity, Waste and Pollution, Water stress
What is the major risk brought about by mining?
Water risks
Explain some key ideas from the beach sand mining being conducted in Cagayan, La Union.
The black sand contains magnetite and platinum, all of which are raw materials exported to Korea, China, Taiwan for the production of chips and processors
Explain the sand mining activity in Botolan, Zambales.
The sand mixes with lahar from Mt. Pinatubo and there is quarrying/dredging on the river mouth. Magnetite is sifted and sand is used for construction.
Explain the nickel mining activity in Claver, Surigao del Norte.
The nickel is a product of chemical weathering and is responsible for the reddish-orange hue of the soil.
Explain the situation of Malinao, Dinagat Island
It results in a brownish part of the river.
What are the environmental challenges brought about by nickel mining?
Ecosystem services accounting, sediment control, dust mitigation, harmonizing large-scale mining with agri- and aquaculture, progressive and active community, urban living with coastal and marine activities.
inhibition of mining operations for a given timeframe (usually 25/50 years)
Mining moratorium
What are some cities that have implemented mining moratoriums?
Palawan (50 yrs) and Marinduque (added 25 more to the original 25 years from a mining disaster)
activity centered on 3 types of mineral deposits; Talampas ng Pilipinas
Deep Sea Mining
The reality of the value chain
Many battery minerals are mined in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The actual value-addition work, such as smelting, refining, cell assembly, and ultimately EV production occurs elsewhere.
