Module 6 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is total quality management?
Overall management with the goal of long term customer satisfaction.
What is the hierarchical structure of TQM?
TQM Quality management Quality system Quality assurance Quality control
What is quality assurance?
The planned and systematic activities to provide confidence that an organization fulfills quality requirements.
Monitors QC data to identify and correct problems.
What is quality control?
Regular operational activities that ensure high quality test results.
What we do everyday to ensure valid results.
What are the types of QC?
Statistical- monitors the performance of analytical methods by analyzing controls and comparing the know a and unknowns, quantitative/qualitative controls.
Nonstatistical- procedures to maintain and improve analytical system performance, maintenance procedures and monitoring.
What is an analytical system?
Everything it takes to produce a result.
What is preventative maintenance?
Done to prevent the development of problems.
What is calibration?
Analyzing known samples to develop a curve with which we can read unknowns.
What is accuracy?
Nearness to the true value.
What is precision?
Reproducibility over time.
What is error?
Difference between true and measured values.
Positive- higher
Negative- lower
Random- unpredictable, imprecision
Systematic- consistent bias, inaccuracy
What is sensitivity?
The ability to measure low concentrations of an analyte.
What is specificity?
The ability to accurately measure one analyte without interference from others.
What are the different measures of central tendency?
Mean- average of a data set
Mode- the value that occurs the most frequently
Median- the middle number in a data set
What do measures of central tendency relate to?
Accuracy
What does standard deviation describe?
The spread of values about the mean.
What does SD measure?
Imprecision/error
What is the formula for calculating SD?
SD = square root(sum(X-x)2/n-1)
What is the coefficient of variation?
The SD expressed as a percentage.
Description of spread/variance/error
What is the benefit of using %CV?
Independent of units so can compare data between sets.
How is %CV calculated?
%CV = SD/x(mean) x 100%
What is normal/Gaussian distribution?
A frequency curve whose shape is symmetrical about the mean.
Mean, median and mode is the same.
Assume normal distribution of error.
What is non-Gaussian distribution?
The mean, median and mode aren’t the same value so the curve isn’t symmetrical.
Skewed data/bias
What are controls?
Prepared samples with known concentration used to detect errors.
Compared to an expected range of values.
