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Forensic Veterinary Osteology > Module 6: Nerves And Muscles > Flashcards

Module 6: Nerves And Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Pass through bony structures whereas other nerves run along bones/muscles
Can help in injury assessment, ID and siding of cranial bones

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2
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory-smell
Cribriform plate

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3
Q

CN II

A

Optic-sight
Optic foramen/canal

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4
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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5
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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6
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal-sensation, taste, movement
1. Ophthalmic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular
Canal splits:
1. Supraorbital fissure
2. Foramen rotundum
3. Foramen ovale

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7
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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8
Q

CN VII

A

Facial-taste, salivation, sensation, movement
Internal auditory meatus (entrance)/stylomastoid foramen (exit)

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9
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear-hearing
Internal auditory meatus

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10
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal-taste, swallowing, salivation
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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11
Q

CN X

A

Vagus-heart, respiratory, gastric functions
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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12
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory-muscle movement and visceral reflex
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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13
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal-tongue motion
Hypoglossal canal

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14
Q

Meningeal vessels

A

Pass through foramen ovale and spinosum, and jugular foramen transmits arteries and veins

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15
Q

Foramen that help with ID and siding of cranial elements

A
  1. Cribriform plate
  2. Optic canal
  3. Supraorbital fissure
  4. Foramen rotundum/round foramen
  5. Foramen ovale/oval foramen
  6. Trigeminal canal
  7. Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus
  8. Jugular foramen
  9. Condyloid canal
  10. Hypoglossal canal
  11. Rostrum alar foramen
  12. Caudal alar foramen
  13. Foramen lacerum
  14. Retroarticular foramen
  15. Tympano-occipital fissure
  16. Foramen spinosum/spinous foramen
  17. External auditory meatus
  18. Fossa for lacrimal sac
  19. Maxillary foramen
  20. Alveolar foramina
  21. Sphenopalatine foramen
  22. Caudal palatine foramen
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16
Q

Which nerves control eye movement and pass through superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor, abducens

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17
Q

Which nerve does not contribute to taste/tongue movement?

A

Vagus

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18
Q

Muscles

A

-forelimb and hind limb focus
-understanding of what muscle attaches to what structure will help ID and side.
-focus on bony attachments

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19
Q

Origin

A

Less mobile attachment point/anchor of a muscle

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20
Q

Insertion

A

Site of attachment of muscle, typically has more movement than origin location during action

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21
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movement
Decreases distance/angle between body parts

22
Q

Extension

A

Straightening movement
Increases distance/angle between body parts

23
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of body part away from midline

24
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of body part towards midline

25
Pronation
Rotate limb medially Palmar/plantar surface faces ground
26
Supination
Rotate limb laterally Palmar/plantar surface faces up
27
Supraspinatus muscle
Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion site: Humeral Greater tubercle Function: extension of shoulder; lateral stabilization
28
Teres major muscle
Origin: caudal angle and caudal border Insertion site: medial shaft of humerus (Teres major tuberosity) Function: flexion of shoulder and medial rotation; prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing
29
Deltoideus muscle
Origin: scapular spine and acromion process Insertion site: deltoid tuberosity Function: flexion of shoulder
30
Biceps brachii muscle
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle Insertion site: ulnar and radial tuberosities Function: extension of shoulder, flexion of elbow
31
Triceps brachii
Origin: long-caudal border; lateral-tricipital line/deltoid tuberosity; accessory-neck of humerus; medial-crest of lesser tubercle Insertion: olecranon tuberosity Function: long-flexion of shoulder, extension of elbow; lat/accessory/medial-extension of elbow
32
Brachialis
Origin: proximal 1/3 of lat humerus Insertion: ulnar/radial tuberosities Function: flexion of elbow
33
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin: lat supracondylar crest Insertion: tuberosity on dorsal aspect of base MC2 and MC3 Function: extension of carpus
34
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: caudal border/medial surface of olecranon and medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: pisiform/accessory carpal bone Function: flexion of carpus
35
Common digital extensor
Origin: lat epicondyle of humerus Insertion: extensor process of phalanges d2-5 dorsal aspect Function: extension of digits and carpus
36
Superficial digital extensor
Origin: medial epicondyle Insertion: palmar surface of base of middle phalanges d2-5 Function: flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints
37
Deep digital extensor
Origin: medial epicondyle, promixal portion of caudal border of ulna, middle portion of medial border of radius Insertion: flexion tubercle of distal phalanges-palmar aspect Function: flexion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
38
Interosseus
Origin: caudal aspect of proximal metacarpals Insertion: base of proximal phalanges and sesamoid bones-palmar aspect Function: flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
39
Iliopsoas
Origin: ventral aspect lumbar vertebra and cranio-ventral portion of ilium Insertion: lesser trochanter Function: hip flexion
40
Middle gluteal
Origin: iliac crest and gluteal surface Insertion: greater trochanter Function: extension and abduction of hip and medial rotation of leg
41
Quadratus femoris
Origin: lat aspect ischium Insertion: intertrochanteric crest Function: hip extension and lat rotation of leg
42
Quadriceps femoris
Origin: ilium and proximal femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity Function: hip flexion, leg/stifle extension
43
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: lat aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia to patella and calcaneal tuberosity Function: hip, stifle, foot/hock extension, caudal portion, stifle flexion
44
Semimembranous
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial supracondylar ridge of femur, medial condyle of tibia Function: hip extension, femur insertion-stifle extension, tibia insertion-stifle flexion and extension depending on position
45
Semitendinous
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: infero-media aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia of calcaneal tuberosity Function: hip and hock extension, stifle flexion
46
Superficial digital flexor
Origin: lat supracondylar tuberosity of femur Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity and base of middle phalanges d2-5 Function: digit and stifle flexion, tarsus extension
47
Gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lat Supracondylar tuberosities of femur Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity Function: stifle flexion, tarsus extension
48
Deep digital flexor
Origin: caudal aspect proximal 2/3 tibia and 1/2 fibula Insertion: flexor tubercle of distal phalanges-plantar aspect Function: digit flexion, tarsus extension
49
Long digital extensor
Origin: extensor fossa of femur Insertion: extensor process distal phalanges d2-5 Function: digit extension, tarsus flexion
50
Cranial tibial
Origin: extensor groove and articular. Margin and lat edge of cranial tibial border Insertion: Base of MT1 and 2-plantar aspect Function: tarsocrural joint flexion, rotation of paw lat/supination

Forensic Veterinary Osteology (14 decks)

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