Module #6: The Cell

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

The breakdown of absorbed substances

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy

Question 4

Excretion

Answer 4

The removal of soluble waste materials

Question 5

Egestion

Answer 5

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials

Question 6

Secretion

Answer 6

The release of biosynthesized substances

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

Maintaining the status quo

Question 8

Reproduction

Answer 8

Producing more cells

Question 9

Cytology

Answer 9

The study of cells

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.

Question 11

Middle lamella

Answer 11

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Question 12

Plasma membrane

Answer 12

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings.

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Question 14

Ions

Answer 14

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.

Question 15

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 15

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reaction that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Question 19

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

ER that has no ribosomes

Question 22

Leucoplasts

Answer 22

Organelles that store starches or oils

Question 23

Chromoplasts

Answer 23

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis

Question 24

Central Vacuole

Answer 24

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

Question 25

Waste vacuoles

Answer 25

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

Question 27

Phagocytic vacuole

Answer 27

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs

Question 28

Pinocytic vesicle

Answer 28

A Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules

Question 29

Secretion vesicle

Answer 29

A vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released

Question 30

Golgi bodies

Answer 30

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell

Question 31

Microtubules

Answer 31

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

Question 32

Chromatin

Answer 32

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Question 33

Microfilaments

Answer 33

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton

Question 34

Intermediate filaments

Answer 34

Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments

Question 35

Phospholipid

Answer 35

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group.

Question 36

Passive transport

Answer 36

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion

Question 37

Active transport

Answer 37

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion ) aided by a process that required energy

Question 38

Isotonic solution

Answer 38

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution

Question 39

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 39

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

Question 40

Plasmolysis

Answer 40

Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water

Question 41

Cytolysis

Answer 41

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

Question 42

Hypotonic solution

Answer 42

A solution in which the concentrations of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

Question 43

Cytoskeleton

Answer 43

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Question 44

Nuclear membrane

Answer 44

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm