Module 8

Question 1

Any drug formulation is composed of
two components or aspects:

Answer 1

API or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Excipients

Question 2

The actual ________, is
the central ingredient.

Answer 2

API or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Question 3

The ________ is the inactive ingredient.

Answer 3

excipient

Question 4

Any substance (or mixture of substances) intended to be used in the manufacture of a drug and that, when used in the production of a drug, becomes an ____ of the drug product.

Answer 4

active ingredient

Question 5

An active ingredient is any drug component that provides
_______ activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of _______, or to affect the _____ or any function of the body of man and animals.

Answer 5

pharmacological; disease; structure

Question 6

Organizing drugs based on their therapeutic usefulness in
treating particular diseases.

Answer 6

Therapeutic Classification

Question 7

Therapeutic Classification is a type of categorization of drugs is from a __ and categorizes them by the pathology they are
used to treat.

Answer 7

medical perspective

Question 8

Drugs taken to relieve pain.

Answer 8

Analgesics

Question 9

There are two main types of analgesics: ______ analgesics for mild pain, and _______
analgesics for severe pain.

Answer 9

non-narcotic; narcotic

Question 10

Drugs used to reduce
inflammation - the redness, heat, swelling, and increased
blood flow found in infections and in many chronic
noninfective diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout.

Answer 10

Anti-Inflammatories

Question 11

Drugs that reduce fever.

Answer 11

Antipyretics

Question 12

Drugs used to treat “general” infections.

Answer 12

Antibacterials

Question 13

Drugs made from naturally occurring and synthetic substances that specifically combat bacterial infections.

Answer 13

Antibiotics

Question 14

Some antibiotics are effective only against limited types of bacteria. Others, known as _______, are effective against a wide range of bacteria.

Answer 14

broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 15

Drugs used to treat fungal infections, the most common of which affect the hair, skin, nails, or mucous membranes.

Answer 15

Antifungals

Question 16

Drugs used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary protection against infections such as influenza.

Answer 16

Antivirals

Question 17

An antibiotic will not be therapeutically useful if the illness is caused by a ____ infection.

Answer 17

viral

Question 18

Drugs that prevent or reduce the body’s normal reaction to
invasion by disease or by foreign tissues. These drugs are used to treat autoimmune diseases and to help prevent rejection of organ transplants.

Answer 18

Immunosuppressives

Question 19

Hormonal preparations used primarily as anti-inflammatories in arthritis
or asthma or as immunosuppressives. Also useful for treating some malignancies or
compensating for a deficiency of natural hormones in disorders such as Addison’s disease.

Answer 19

Corticosteroids

Question 20

Chemicals essential in small quantities for good health. Some vitamins are not
manufactured by the body, but adequate quantities are present in a normal diet. People whose
diets are inadequate or who have digestive tract or liver disorders may need to take
supplementary vitamins.

Answer 20

Vitamins

Question 21

Drugs that relieve indigestion and heartburn by neutralizing stomach acid.

Answer 21

Antacids

Question 22

Drugs used primarily to counteract the effects of histamine, one of
the chemicals involved in allergic reactions.

Answer 22

Antihistamines

Question 23

Drugs that lower blood pressure.

Answer 23

Antihypertensives

Question 24

The types of _______ currently marketed include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blocker, ACE
(angiotensin- converting enzyme) inhibitors, centrally acting antihypertensives and sympatholytics.

Answer 24

antihypertensives

Question 25

Pharmacologic class is a group of active moieties that share scientifically documented properties and is defined based on: (3)

Answer 25

1. Drug Action 2. Chemical Structure 3. Molecular Targets

Question 26

This pharmacologic classification is based on which biochemical process the drug targets in the body. _________ is more specified according to how it generates a response.

Answer 26

Drug action

Question 27

Drug action classification: Lots of medicines treat hypertension, but each type of drug has different drug actions. All that matters is that hypertension medicines reduce blood pressure even if through _______.

Answer 27

different pathways

Question 28

Based on drug action: Antihistamines are taken to stop the production of histamines so that allergies can be controlled. It does not matter _________ antihistamine drug you take; ultimately, they target and reduce the production of histamine in your body.

Answer 28

which

Question 29

Pharmacologic Classification based on Chemical Structure: Generally, drugs that have the same drug action and pharmacological effect have a basic ______ and a minute variation in the ______.

Answer 29

skeletal structure; branching

Question 30

Classification: Drugs target the macromolecules inside the body to generate a biological response. Such macromolecules are called ________.

Answer 30

target molecules or drug targets

Question 31

The drug targets can be carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids or any other such _________.

Answer 31

biomolecule

Question 32

Drugs that have the same mechanism of action will have the same ________.

Answer 32

target

Question 33

The drugs with similar structures have similar reactions with such ________.

Answer 33

biomolecules

Question 34

Drugs that block receptors in arteries and smooth muscle. This action relaxes the blood vessels and leads to an increase in blood flow and a lower pressure for the control of hypertension.

Answer 34

Alpha Blockers

Question 35

Drugs for the treatment of ulcers and acid reflux disease that inhibit the enzyme system that produces stomach acid.

Answer 35

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Question 36

PPIs don’t stop the production of all _________.

Answer 36

stomach acid

Question 37

If you were to take a PPI daily for about five days, the drugs would reduce only about ____ of your stomach acid.

Answer 37

65%

Question 38

Drugs that inhibit a liver enzyme involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, thus reducing cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Answer 38

Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (HMG CoA RIs)

Question 39

Therapeutic classification with focus on cardiovascular function

Answer 39

Influence blood clotting: anticoagulant Lower blood cholesterol: antiperlipidemic Lower blood pressure: antihypertensive Restore normal cardiac rhythm: antidysrhythmic Treat angina: antianginal

Question 40

Pharmacologic classification with focus on therapeutic application (pharmacotherapy for hypertension)

Answer 40

Lowers plasma volume - Diuretic Blocks heart calcium channels - calcium channel blocker Blocks hormonal activity - angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor Blocks physiological reactions to stress - adrenegic antagonist Dilates peripheral blood vessels - vasodilator

Question 41

The _____ classification system is a standardized system for classifying drugs and other medical substances.

Answer 41

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)

Question 42

The ATC system is maintained by the ______ and is used globally for drug classification and coding purposes.

Answer 42

World Health Organization (WHO)