Module 8 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Nociceptors
Nerve endings that selectively respond to painful stimuli and send pain signals to the brain and spinal cord
Antiprostaglandin
Drug that inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins
Antipyretic
Drug that has the ability to lower body temperature
Arachidonic acid
phospholipid released in the cell membrane in response to cellular injury
Cyclooxygenase
Enzyme that produces prostaglandins from arachidonic acids
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
medication that inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins; used to prevent and treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation
Prostaglandin
Chemical mediator found in most body tissues; helps regulate many cell functions and participate in the inflammatory response as well as initiate uterine contractions in labor
pyrogens
Fever-producing agent
Reye’s syndrome
potentially fatal disease characterized by encephalopathy and fatty liver accumulations; associated with the use of aspirin and NSAIDS after viral infections such as chickenpox or influenza in children and adolescents
characteristics: encephalopathy, hepatic damage, other serious problems
Salicylism
toxic effects of a salicylate drug; may occur with an acute overdose or with chronic use of therapeutic doses, especially the higher doses taken for anti-inflammatory effects
Somatic pain
simulation of nociceptors in the skin, bone, muscle and soft tissue such as sprains (well localized)
somatic pain description
described as sharp, burning, gnawing, throbbing, or cramping
low moderate intensity may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
Visceral pain
nociceptors stimulated in abdomen, thoracic organs and surrounding tissues such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis (diffused, not well localized)
Visceral pain described as
deep, dull, aching, or cramping
severe visceral pain stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
Neuropathic pain
caused by lesions of physiologic changes that injure peripheral pain receptors, nerves, or CNS (common cause of chronic pain)
Neuropathic pain is described as
Usually described as severe, shooting, burning, or stabbing
usually with:
diabetes mellitus
herpes zoster infections
traumatic nerve injuries
some types of cancer or cancer treatments
Duration of pain
acute: results from injury, trauma, spasm, disease processes, diagnostic procedures, or surgeries that damage body tissues
chronic: last 3 months or longer, and related to chronic disease
Mechanical pain
occurs when stress is placed on a joint or soft tissue, such as when you bend your finger all the way back or stretch your calf
-when you have pain that comes and goes or changes with different movements and or positions it is mechanical
Chemical pain
caused by the body’s inflammatory response to injury. An example of chemical pain would be hitting your thumb with a hammer or a toothache
chemical pain is described as throbbing, constant and does not change with movement
Prostaglandins effect in stomach
decrease gastric acid secretion, increase mucous secretion, and regulate blood circulation
Prostaglandins effect in the kidneys
maintain adequate blood flow and function
Prostaglandins effect in cardiovascular system
help regulate vascular tone and platelet function
prostaglandins effect on bronchioles
dilates bronchioles
Cox-1 enzyme
enzymes are continuously in all tissues, not just at the time of inflammation. They secrete a cytoprotective mucus