Module 9

Question 1

_______________ is eliminating sensory information from the muscle back to the spine.

a.) deefferentation
b.) deafferentation
c.) open loop model
b.) closed loop model

Answer 1

b.) deafferentation

Question 2

True or False: deafferentation has been looked at in studies through dorsal rhizotomy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The open loop control occurs in the context of a very fast discrete movement, with a movement of less than…

a.) 50 ms
b.) 100 ms
c.) 150 ms
d.) 200 ms

Answer 3

b.) 100 ms

Question 4

True or False: as long as you still have access to the ventral horn, you can still execute movement from the brain to the muscle.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Taub’s 1966 Silver Spring Monkeys experiment?

a.) he developed a grip force avoidance-conditioning paradigm in 4 intact rhesus monkeys
b.) the monkeys learned to avoid the electric shock by flexing an unseen deafferented forelimb in response to the buzzer
c.) The conditioned stimulus was 10 seconds long
d.) the monkeys grasped a plastic tube to produce force above a minimum amount at the onset of a buzzer (conditioned stimulus)
e.) monkeys with no response received an electric shock for the final 5 seconds of trial

Answer 5

b.) the monkeys learned to avoid the electric shock by flexing an unseen deafferented forelimb in response to the buzzer

Question 6

True or False: Taub’s 1966 study showed that the strength of a muscle is not contingent on its afferent innervation.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: All 3 monkeys in the 1966 study were able to learn the grasp response, but they were less abrupt than that of the normal monkeys.

Answer 7

False - they were equally comparable to the response of normal monkeys

Question 8

True or False: basic programs for many patterns of movement seem to be present in the primate CNS at birth.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE following Alex Pacheco working undercover in Taub’s lab?

a.) the police entered the institute and removed the monkeys
b.) Taub was charged with 17 counts of animal cruelty and convicted of 6 counts
c.) all counts were overturned
d.) the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland’s animal cruelty legislation did not apply to federally funded laboratories.
e.) all of the above

Answer 9

e.) all of the above

Question 10

During the dissection of the monkeys, it was discovered that _________________ , which helped overturn the widely held view that the adult brain cannot reorganize itself in response to its environment.

a.) significant cortical remapping had occurred
b.) significant cortical remapping had not occurred

Answer 10

a.) significant cortical remapping had occurred

Question 11

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the aftermath of Taub’s monkey experiments?

a.) he developed constraint-reduced movement therapy
b.) he was hailed by the American Stroke Association as at the forefront of the revolution
c.) his work was cited as 1 of the top 10 translational Neuroscience accomplishments of the 20th century
d.) he was awarded the 2004 Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the APA

Answer 11

a.) he developed constraint-reduced movement therapy - he developed constraint-induced movement therapy

Question 12

In the mid-brain cat preparation, there was…

a.) no information from the brain to muscle
b.) no information from muscle to the brain
c.) no information from the brain to muscle and no information from muscle to the brain

Answer 12

c.) no information from the brain to muscle and no information from muscle to the brain

Question 13

True or False: the outcome of the frog smart spinal cord experiment is that the spinal cord knows where the limbs are.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding motor programs?

a.) they are a pre-structured set of neural commands
b.) they are organized in advance
c.) they allow the entire movement sequence to be carried out
d.) all of the above

Answer 14

d.) all of the above