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Module 9 - Managing Chronic/Terminal Illness Flashcards

1
Q

What happens immediately after a chronic disease is diagnosed?

A
  • Patients often in state of crisis
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2
Q

What is shock?

A
  • Acute Stress Reaction
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3
Q

Explain Shock

A
  • Stunned, bewildered, behaving in automatic/detached way
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4
Q

When is emotion-focused coping used for a chronic disease?

A
  • Early on
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5
Q

What plays a mixed role in the initial emotion-focused coping of a chronic disease?

A
  • Denial
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6
Q

What are the two common emotional responses when either testing for or receiving news of chronic disease?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Anger
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7
Q

When is anxiety especially high regarding chronic diseases?

A
  • Awaiting test results
  • Receiving diagnosis
  • Awaiting procedures
  • Experiencing side effect of treatment
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8
Q

When is anger common regarding chronic disease?

A
  • Early response to diagnosis
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9
Q

What happens to cancer patients feelings of personal control?

A
  • Decline in several months after diagnosis
  • Begins to increase after
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10
Q

What is Crisis Theory?

A
  • Describes factors that influence how people adjust/cope after first learning they have chronic illness
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11
Q

What types of adaptive tasks must people who are ill undergo?

A
  • Task related to illness/treatment
  • Task related to general psychosocial functioning
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12
Q

Explain the adaptive task related to the illness or treatment

A
  • Coping with symptoms/disability
  • Adjusting hospital environment, procedure, treatment
  • Developing good relationships with practitioners
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13
Q

Explain the adaptive tasks related to general psychosocial functioning for those who are ill

A
  • Controlling negative feeling, positive outlook
  • Maintaining satisfactory self-image, sense of competence
  • Preserving relationships
  • PRepare for uncertain future
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14
Q

What are some coping strategies for Chronic Illness?

A
  • Denying/minimizing seriousness of issue
  • Seeking information about diagnosis/treatment
  • Learning to provide own medical care
  • Setting concrete, limited goals
  • Recruiting instrumental/emotional support
  • Considering possible future events
  • Gaining manageable perspective
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15
Q

What did Dunkel-Schetter discover about what coping mechanisms were most usefull for cancer patients?

A
  • Social support
  • Distancing
  • Positive Focus
  • Cognitive Escape/Avoidance
  • Behavioural Escape/Avoidance
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16
Q

What are some maladaptive coping mechanisms associated with cancer patients?

A
  • Rumination
  • Interpersonal Withdrawal
  • Avoidant Coping (e.g., denial)
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17
Q

What is rumination associated with?

A
  • Exacerbation of symptoms
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18
Q

What is Interpersonal Withdrawal associated with?

A
  • Loneliness and low relationship satisfaction
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19
Q

What is Avoidant Coping associated with?

A
  • Increased psychological distress
  • Exacerbate the disease process
  • Poor adjustment to illness
20
Q

What are the types of denial in cancer patients? What is their occurance rates?

A
  • Denial of Diagnosis (4-47%)
  • Denial of Impact (8-70%)
  • Denial of Emotion (18-42%)
21
Q

Who was most likely to deny Cancer?

A
  • Older patients (and men)
22
Q

Who reports higher levels of depression over time regarding chronically ill patients?

A
  • People who feel self-blame
23
Q

When is stigma most common in cancers?

A
  • Lung Cancer
24
Q

What does cancer stigma do?

A
  • Increase depression
  • Reduce cancer screening
25
How important is Human Animal Interaction to those with HIV/AIDs?
- Helps due to patients losing friends/family due to stigma
26
What are adaptations?
- Process of making changes in order to adjust constructively to life's circumstances
27
What adaptations must individuals make when they enter a permanent change?
- Mastery of demands of managing disease - Minimizing physical limitations/disability - Preserving positive function
28
Describe Quality of Life (QoL)
- Degree of excellence people appraise their lives to contain
29
What is Quality of Life based on?
- Physical, psychological, vocational, and social functioning
30
What is the emphasis placed on for quality life?
- Daily living - Sleeping, eating, going to work, and social activities
31
What psychological interventions are used to manage chronic illness and disease?
- Psychopharmacological - Patient & Family Education - Individual or Family Therapy - Stress Management/Relaxation - Support Groups
32
What are the psychosocial benefits of support groups?
- Improved mood - Reduced uncertainty - Improved self-esteem - Enhanced coping skills - Improved quality of life
33
What is informal caregiving?
- Provision of physical and/or emotional care to a family or friend at home
34
What are the 5 distinct care trajectories?
- Compressed Generational - Broad Generational - Intensive PArent Care - Career Care - Serial Care
35
Explain Compressed Generational Care Trajectory
- Single, short period of care in later life, typically to family - Most common experience
36
Explain Broad Generational Care Trajectory
- Long episode of care in mid-life - Then short episode of care later - Typically to friends, neighbours
37
Explain Intensive Parent Care Trajectory
- Decade or more of mid-life providing care to parent - Often caring for more than 1 parent
38
Explain Career Care Trajectory
- Very long first episode of care to a high-obligation - Close family member, relativley early age and lasting 2 decades or more-
39
Explain the Serial Care Trajectory
- Lifelong pattern of caring for others - Often at same time - Begins mid-thirties - Spans more than 3 decades
40
What factors into caregiver stress?
- Reduced time - Overwhelmed - Disrupted Sleep - Poor stress management - Stress prevention - Degrading social relationships - Poor support
41
What are the benefits of caregiving?
- Provide best care - Stay connected - Rewarding sense of accomplishment - Sense of meaning - Passing on a tradition - Learning new skills
42
What is the Sandwich Generation
- Those caring for both older parents and their own children
43
How does each terminal disease's stress change?
- Unique
44
What does stress from terminal illness depend on?
- Symptoms - Effects of treatment - Prognosis (survival time) - Social Factors
45
When do patients with terminal illness show optimistic attitudes?
- Early stages
46
What do people who feel they might get a miraculous recovery do?
- Choose aggresive care, even if futile
47

Psyc 314 (10 decks)

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