Module B Flashcards
(37 cards)
“What is reality made of?”
Miletus/Milesians
Supernatural explanations is unreliable.
Miletus/Milesians
Most famous Milesian Philosopher
Thales of Miletus (624-546 BC)
Aristotle regards him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition
Thales of Miletus
Originating principle of nature was a single material substance:
Water
Greek Mathematician
Pythagoras
“Truth should not be accepted but be proved”
Pythagoras
He believed that eating beans is sinful and he drowned a student for revealing the existence of irrational numbers to the world.
Pythagoras
Considered the founder of both science and philosophy science
Aristotle
Extensively wrote topics about physics; astronomy, psychology, biology, and chemistry, as well as logic, mathematics, and epistemology.
Aristotle
Promoted systematic observation and thought in biology, physics, law, literature, and ethics.
Aristotle
First to articulate the concepts of induction and deduction.
Aristotle
Is a key concept in knowledge generation and gives science the ability to predict rather than simply report what is happening.
Generalization
Claudius Ptolemaeus
Ptolemy
The earth is the center of the universe (the “Ptolemic system” or Geocentric model)
Ptolemy
This model teaches that all the planets, including the sun, revolves around the earth.
Geocentric model
“Essence of a thing is deduced through a process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning.”
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Founder of Rationalism
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Believes that all science is based on mathematics.
Rene Descartes
What is the meaning of “cogito, ergo sum”?
I think, therefore I am
“A true scientist should look to falsify theory with the observation that contradict them.”
Karl Popper (1902-1994)
Who ruled this 5 statements?
1). It must be guided by natural law
2). It has to be explanatory by reference to natural law
3). It is testable against the empirical world
4). Its conclusions are tentative
5). It is falsifiable
U.S. Judge William Overton
An empiricist who argued that scientific findings based on observations are true only, in so much as they not yet been proven false.
David Hume
is a process to construct a reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary representation of the world.
Scientific Method
