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Intro to mapping and GIS > Module Three - Coordinate Systems, Measurements, and Route Selection > Flashcards

Module Three - Coordinate Systems, Measurements, and Route Selection Flashcards

1
Q

Geo - Reference

A

Used to identify a specific geolocation

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2
Q

Coordinate System - GPS

A

Used to identify the location of features on earths surface

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3
Q

Reference Grids

A

Most simplistic reference grid
map divided into grids and rows

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4
Q

How many coordinate systems are there

A

6

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5
Q

Gazetteer

A

Fancy word for index

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6
Q

What is the simplest grid

A

Reference system

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7
Q

Lat/Long Positions - Geographic coordinate systems

A

Measured in degree, minutes, and seconds

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8
Q

Geographic coordinate system

A

Lat/Long Positions

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9
Q

Lat/Long Position has a system used to simplify it - what is that system?

A

The world geographic reference system

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10
Q

The world geographic reference system

A

The earth is divided into 15 degree wide quadrants, north-south starts at 90 south & east - west starts at 180

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11
Q

WGRS east and west zones are labeled by what

A

A thought Z minus O and I

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12
Q

WGRS north and south zones are labeled by what

A

A thought M and no I

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13
Q

How many quadrants are there in the WGRS

A

288

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14
Q

What does MK LK 385250 make up

A

It is a simplified code for the WGRS the letters are for degrees and the numbers equal minutes and seconds

MK LK 38.5 (minutes) 25.0 (seconds)

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15
Q

Read right then up stands for what

A

How to read the geocode based on numbers and relation to the map

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16
Q

Geodetic

A

Survey grid take into account the earth surface

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17
Q

Plane rectangular grid

A

Doesn’t take into account the earth surface, doesn’t have to because only works with a small area of the earth surface

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18
Q

Cartesian coordinate system

A

X is east/west direction
Y is north/south
4 quadrant system - stays in the system that focus on postive only

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19
Q

Geographic coordinate system doesn’t deal with what

A

NEGATIVES

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20
Q

Universal transverse system

A

Minimal distortion rate
60, 6 degree zones - starting at 180 degree long, runs eastward
Spans 80 degrees south to 84 degrees north (more landmasses in the north)

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21
Q

Transverse

A

Extending across something.

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22
Q

True or False, there are two version of the UTS

A

True
Military and civilian

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23
Q

How does the UTS determin cordntes

A

By using Northing and Eastings in METERS, from the ORIGIN point (0,0) - quad 1,

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24
Q

How do we make sure the UTS is positive

A

Make sure quadrants are positive, has to be up (north) and to the east

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25
Q

C UTM

A

False origin - 500,00 meters west of central meridian of each zone
NH - origin is the equator
SH - origin 10,000,000 meters south of the equator

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26
Q

UTM

A

Zones are arbitrary,
when zones are split between two quadrants, special arrangements are made

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27
Q

M UTM

A

Almost identical to C UTM except for designation of grid system, HANDLES the arctic
8 degree sections - rows are labeled c - x, no I or O
North Pole = y + Z
South Pole = A + B
Only the circle of the pole

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28
Q

Universal Polar stenographic (UPS)

A

UPS is employed in unison with UTM to cover the polar regions
Grids are arbitrary
False Origin is established 2,000,000 meters to the left and 2,000,000 meters down from poles

29
Q

Where is the prime meridian for UPS

A

Top of center of south zone

30
Q

Where is the 180 meridian

A

top of the north zone

31
Q

How does the M UTM divide up the zones

A

Each zone has a two letter identifier is then subdivided by 100,000 meters squares which have a repeating pattern after 18 degrees long and 24 degrees lat, 9 separate grids separating

32
Q

What are the two projected coordinate systems

A

State Planar system and UTM

33
Q

What is the difference between projected and coordinate system

A

Projected is taking a 3d globe and placing it on a flat surface, whereas the coordinate system is used to define a location of the surface of the earth

34
Q

State plane coordinate system

A

Rectangular coordinate system that is used for all 50 states, larger states are separated into multiple zones
each zone has a central meridian

35
Q

What system do E/W states use in the SPCS

A

Lambert conformal (correct shape) projection
false origin 2,000,000 feet west of central Meriden

36
Q

What system do N/S states use in the SPCS

A

Transversal Mercator projection
false origin 500,000 feet west of central Meriden - south of southern edge of the zone in both cases

37
Q

Why would some systems not work for the SPCS

A

Due to navigation or distoration rate

38
Q

What are the two types of land pardoning systems

A

Systematic - United States public land survey
Unsystematic - Land - ownership plane down haphazardly

39
Q

Land pardoning systems

A

Established at the 1783 Treaty of Paris, gave control to the land east of the mississippi and created the 1785 - land origin act

40
Q

What are townships

A

E/W lines running parelle , 6 mile by 6 mile squares
N/S lines running parrelle to the principle meridian called

Gets broken up into 36 blocks

41
Q

What is a range

A

N/S lines running parrelle to the principal meridian

42
Q

What is an Aliquot part

A

Equal acreage division of section described as 1/4

43
Q

What is a lot

A

Anything that doesnt fit the description of aliquot part

44
Q

French long lot

A

Attempt to recreate the French federal system
large long lots grained to landowners (seigneurs)

45
Q

What privileges did seigneurs have

A

Revive tenet payments
Require them to use his mill for grinding their grain
Demanded various work services of them

46
Q

New England Fragmented village

A

Attempt to recreate medieval villages by puritans, used only in England in the 19th century
lots oriented to the road, very natural

47
Q

Texas irregular survey system

A

Was created to replace townships and range
runs SW NE orientation
Very Irregular

48
Q

What is a metes

A

Boundary defined by the measurement of each stranger run, specified distance between two points

49
Q

what is a bounds

A

A more general boundary description

50
Q

what are the rules for Measurements from map

A

Make sure your projection is appropriate
Accuracy standards
Appropriate scale
Map is up to date
Mapping is in good condition

51
Q

Distance measuring

A

scaling using to measure distances, can include engineering scale, dividers, or marks

52
Q

Measuring area

A

Direct method of measuring, with two main types
Graphic area scale
Polar parameter

53
Q

What is a graphic area scale

A

super imposed upon transparented materials

54
Q

What is a polar parameter

A

An instrument used to measure an area in square

55
Q

What is the grid square method

A

Method of determining area by overlaying the area of interest with a right angle grid line

56
Q

USGS topographic map

A

Maps that come in three popular forms,
1 quarter
15 min
7.5 mins

57
Q

3 north references

A

true north
magnetic north
grid north

58
Q

What is a compass rose

A

36 directions, a more complicated version of the 4 cardinal directions

59
Q

What is magnetic declination

A

Difference between true north and magnetic north

60
Q

Isotonic charts

A

Drawn in such a way that is depicts location of equal declination - also known as isotonic line

61
Q

What is a agonic line

A

Lines that join at zero declination

62
Q

Azimuth are defined as what

A

Refers to direction of great circle, will cross succession meridian at constantly changing angles - DO NOT HAVE TO ADJUST HEADING,
Simpler but longer

63
Q

What is the Azimuth formula

A

360 - whatever angle = Azimuth

64
Q

What is a back Azimuth

A

Opposite direction of Azimuth, add or subtract 180 from angle

65
Q

What is a Bering

A

Directional line, often used in surveying,
NO MATTER THE LINE CANT GO PAST 90 DEGREES

66
Q

What is a back Bering

A

Opposite direction of a Bering - just flip directional indicators
Ex: North 45 west – South 45 east

67
Q

GPS

A

Was developed 1973 but was fully operational in 1995 - DOD was the one with the large enough budget to create this project
between 24 - 32 satalights circling the earth

68
Q

How many satlights do you need for your gps to work

A

At least 4 at any giving time

69
Q

What are the three modes of GPS

A

Non-differential - inexpensive for recreational navigation
Differential GPS - GPS with more accurate and uses a special software
Real time DGPS - Most expensive use to obtain GPS coordinate constant getting updates to help stay on location

Intro to mapping and GIS (1 decks)

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