MOL BIO LEC 1: HISTORY

Question 1

THREE LINES RESEARCH LEADING TO THE DISCOVERY THAT DNA IS THE HEREDITARY MATERIAL: EACH CHROMOSOMES IS A SINGLE MOLECULE OF DNA AND GENES ARE SEQUENCES OF DNA

Answer 1

1. HEREDITARY AND GENES
2. CHROMOSOMES
3. DNA

Question 2

HEREDITARY GENES
384 - 322 B.C. - _________ proposed the theory of PANGENESIS and concept known as VITAL HEAT

Answer 2

ARISTOTLE

Question 3

HEREDITARY GENES
1866 ____________father of modern genetics) published his paper on inheritance of traits in peas

Answer 3

GREGOR MENDEL

Question 4

HEREDITARY GENES
1884 - _____________ independently identify the cell nucleus as the basis of inheritance.

Answer 4

EDUARD STRASBURGER
OSCAR HERTWIG
RUDOLF ALBERT von KOLLIKER
AUGUST WEISMANN

Question 5

HEREDITARY GENES
1889 - hypothesizes the existence of pangenes

Answer 5

HUGO de VRIES

Question 6

HEREDITARY GENES
1863 - proposed his “germ plasm theory”

Answer 6

AUGUST WEISMANN

Question 7

HEREDITARY GENES
1900 - independently discovered & verify Mendel’s law

Answer 7

HUGO de VRIES
KARL CORRENS
ERICH von TSCHERMAK

Question 8

CHROMOSOMES
1875 - describe what will later be called chromosomes

Answer 8

EDUARD STRASBURGER

Question 9

CHROMOSOMES
1882 - describes behavior of chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 9

WALTHER FLEMMING

Question 10

CHROMOSOMES
1888- names chromosomes (color bodies)

Answer 10

HEINRICH WILHELM GOTTFRIED VON WALDEYER-HARTZ (W. WALDEYER)

Question 11

CHROMOSOMES
1902 - observe that chromosomes in cells behave in ways parallel to Mendel’s characters during meiosis, and propose a CHROMOSOMAL BASIS FOR HEREDITY

Answer 11

WALTER S. SUTTON & THEODOR BOVERI

Question 12

CHROMOSOMES
1905 - independently develop the idea of SEX DETERMINATION BY CHROMOSOMES

Answer 12

NETTIE M. STEVENS EDMUND B. WILSON

Question 13

DNA
1869 - isolates an acidic, phosphorus-rich substance he called “nuclein” from the nuclei of WBCs in pus from soiled bandages

Answer 13

FRIEDRICH (FRITZ) MIESCHER

Question 14

DNA
1928 - demonstrates a heritable “transforming principle” that transmits the ability of bacteria to cause pneumonia in mice

Answer 14

FREDERICK GRIFFITH

Question 15

DNA
1929 - characterizes & names the compounds ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, and a “tetranucleotide” structure of DNA, in which the bases of DNA are arranged 1 after another in a set of 4.

Answer 15

PHOEBUS AARON LEVENE

Question 16

DNA
1938 - find MW for DNA between 500,000 & 1,000,000 daltons, suggesting that DNA must be polynucleotide
Proteins and DNA are studied by many scientists using x - ray crystallography

Answer 16

RUDOLF SIGNER
TORBJORN CASPERSON
EINER HAMMERSTEIN

Question 17

DNA
1938 - The term “molecular biology” is coined by

Answer 17

WARREN WEAVER

Question 18

DNA
1944 - demonstrate that Griffith’s bacterial transforming principle is not protein but DNA & suggests that it may function as genetic material.

Answer 18

OSWALD AVERY
COLIN MACLEOD
MACLYN MCCARTY

Question 19

DNA
1949 - together with Andre Bolvin, show a constant amount of DNA in all tissues of the same animal and find half as much DNA in the nuclei of sperm cells as they find in body cells

Answer 19

ROGER AND COLETTE VENDRELY

Question 20

DNA
1950 - shows amounts of the bases A & T, & G & C are equal

Answer 20

ERWIN CHARGAFF

Question 21

DNA
1952 - use bacteriophage (viruses) to confirm that DNA is the hereditary material

Answer 21

ALFRED HERSHEY & MARTHA CHASE

Question 22

DNA
1952 - use X-ray crystallography to reveal the repeating structure of B-form DNA (using DNA purified by Signer)

Answer 22

MAURICE WILKINS & ROSALIND FRANKLIN

Question 23

DNA
1953 - deduce DNA’s double helix conformation

Answer 23

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK