molbio

Question 1

what pipette is generally used in molecular biology laboratory

Answer 1

micropipette

Question 2

all of the following are not examples of a measuring or graduated pipettes except:

a. mohr, pasteur, kolmer pipette
b. micropipette, mohr, bacteriologic pipette
c. serologic, bacteriologic, volumetric pipette
d. pasteur, ostwald folin, volumetric pipette

Answer 2

b. micropipette, mohr, bacteriologic pipette

Question 3

all of the following are examples of a transfer pipette except:

a. micropiptte, pasteur, ostwald folin pipette
b. micropipette, mohr, bacteriologic pipette
c. pasteur, ostwald folin, volumetric pipette
d. none of the above

Answer 3

b. micropipette, mohr, bacteriologic pipette

Question 4

multi-channel micropipettes have different variants and those are?

Question 5

why is it important to use ripe bana for DNA extraction?

Answer 5

Unripe bananas have tough cell walls

Question 5

for the organic RNA isolation, ___ is a strong denaturant of RNases and can be used instead of high-salt buffers

Answer 5

guanidium isothiocyanate

Question 5

After adding precipitation agent in a mashed banana the extracted nucleic acid will

Answer 5

float/clump

Question 6

separation technique of molecules & ions performed in a narrow capillary tube structure using electric current

Answer 6

capillary electrophoresis

Question 6

for differential density gradient centrifugation, whole blood or bone marrow mixed with ___ is overlaid with ficoll

Answer 6

isotonic saline

Question 7

this chemical is commonly used as a detergent in DNA extraction to break down cell membranes

Answer 7

sodium dodecyl sulfate

Question 7

under organic isolation method, the excess salt in DNA precipitation is removed by rinsing the pelleted nucleic acid in what concentration of ethanol?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

mitochondrial DNA can then be precipitated with

Answer 8

cold ethanol

Question 9

the ratio of absorption at 260 nm to absorption at 280 nm is commonly uses to assess

Answer 9

the purity of DNA and RNA with respect to protein

Question 10

these sources of circulating nucleic acids can be detected for purposes of diagnostic and prognostic analyses, uch as liquid biopsy

Answer 10

exosomes

Question 11

antigenic sites on the protein

Answer 11

epitopes

Question 12

what 2 fixative yields good quality of DNA and RNA

Answer 12

Acetone
10% neutral buffered formalin

Question 12

probe folding is a strong in sequences with high ____

Answer 12

GC

Question 12

luminol, as a detection system label may emit ___ light

Answer 12

blue

Question 13

the equivalent of path length i

Answer 13

1CM

Question 14

what solution is used to deparaffinized frozen tissue?

Answer 14

xylene

Question 14

after exposing to your answer in number 3 what is used to rehydrate the frozen tissue?

Answer 14

ethanol

Question 15

the cell membrane of a gram negative bacteria is lysed by?

Answer 15

alkaline (high ph)

Question 15

what method uses spin column or beads?

Answer 15

solid-phase method

Question 15

removal of nucleic acids (DNA and/or
RNA) from the cells in which they normally reside

Answer 15

Nucleic Acid Extraction

Question 16

free from contamination with macromolecules such as: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or other nucleic acids

Answer 16

Target nucleic acids

Question 16

How Nucleic Acid is Removed from the Cell?

Answer 16

1. Bust out the cell membrane 2. Lysis of cell wall or cell membrane 3. Lysis of nuclear membrane 4. Nucleic acids come out from nucleus 5. Purification 6. Determination of the concentration and purity of the sample

Question 16

solated the nuclein (DNA) from the WBCs he obtained from the pus on collected surgical bandages in a nearby hospital. (Precipitation process)

Answer 16

Friedrich Miescher (1869)

Question 17

demonstrate the semi-conservative replication of DNA

Answer 17

Meselson & Stahl (1958)

Question 18

Can be lysed by high pH (alkaline) and detergents

Answer 18

Gramnegative bacteria

Question 19

Can be lysed byenzyme products or mechanically grinding or by vigorously mixing with glass beads (to crack them open and to break down the bonds present)

Answer 19

Some bacteria & fungi with tough cell walls

Question 20

Commercial reagents designed for isolation of DNA in amplification procedures (PCR)

Answer 20

Yeast, filamentous fungi, & grampositive bacteria

Question 20

LOCATION: archea and bacteria. ➔ FUNCTION: guides a common enzyme to specific sites determined by RNA components. ➔ USE: manipulation of both DNA sequence and RNA expression

Answer 20

CRISPR Enzyme Systems

Question 21

target dsDNA

Answer 21

types l and ll

Question 22

targets ssDNA & RNA

Answer 22

types lll

Question 23

A reaction that is used to analyze the nucleic acid content of an unknown sample. ➔ Formation of H bonds between 2 complementary strands of nucleic acid.

Answer 23

Hybridization Technologies

Question 24

➔ ss fragment of nucleic acid/protein with a detectable signal that specifically binds to complementary sequences/target protein. ➔ PURPOSE: identify one or more sequences of interest with a large amount of nucleic acids. ➔ OTHER USED: modified nucleic acid, such as peptide nucleic acids and locked nucleic acids.

Answer 24

PROBE

Question 25

IN ORDER THE PROBE TO BIND

Answer 25

target nucleic acid has to contain the sequence of interest.

Question 26

DENATURATION OF dsDNA PROBED BEFORE USE:

Answer 26

● Heating the probe (95 degree celsius, 10-15 minutes) in hybridization solution. ● Treating with 50% formalin/2x SSC at a lower temperature for a shorter time (75 degree celsius, 5-6 minutes).

Question 27

coding strand transcript.

Answer 27

SOUTHERN BLOT

Question 28

what solution is used to deparaffinized fixed embedded tissue?

Answer 28

xylene

Question 29

widely regarded as among the most sensitive method for nucleic acid quantitation

Answer 29

fluorometry

Question 30

sample is applied to a multi-well chip & then moves through microchannels across a detector

Answer 30

microfluidics

Question 31

other DNA specific dyes of flourescent spectroscopy

Answer 31

- pico green - oli green

Question 32

molar absorptivity of RNA in L/mol-cm

Answer 32

40

Question 33

molar absorptivity of DNA in L/mol-cm

Answer 33

50

Question 34

southern blot targets?

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

northern blot targets?

Answer 35

RNA

Question 36

western blot targets?

Answer 36

PROTEIN