MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE Flashcards by Peace is beauty

Gregor Mendel (1865)

Laid the foundation of genetics by discovering the principles of inheritance using pea plants.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)

Discovered the role of chromosomes in heredity through experiments with Drosophila (fruit flies).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frederick Griffith (1928)

Demonstrated transformation in bacteria, showing that a ‘transforming principle’ could transfer genetic information.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty (1944)

Identified DNA as the ‘transforming principle’ responsible for heredity.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952)

Confirmed that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material using bacteriophages and radioactive labeling.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erwin Chargaff (1950)

Formulated Chargaff’s rules, showing base pairing (A=T and G≡C).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins (1951–1953)

Produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA, providing critical evidence of its helical structure.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)

Proposed the double-helix model of DNA based on Franklin’s data and Chargaff’s rules.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl (1958) in? N Taylor in?

Demonstrated the semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication, E.coli, Vicia faba
Meselson and Stahl in Prokaryotic cell
Taylor in Eukaryotic cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marshall Nirenberg , George Gamow, Har-Gobind Khorana,(1961)

Cracked the genetic code by determining the first codon using synthetic RNA.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

François Jacob and Jacques Monod (1961)

Discovered the operon model of gene regulation in bacteria, specifically the lac operon.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sydney Brenner, François Jacob, and Matthew Meselson (1961)

Discovered mRNA as the messenger carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FREDERICK MEISCHER, year?

discovered acidic nature of nuclein AND NAMED NUCLEIN , 1869

some say- identified DNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleic acids are ? Eg?

Polymer of nucleotides , DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleotides composition?

Nitrogen base + pentose sugar + phosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleoside?

Nitrogen base + pentose sugar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One turn of dna bp? 1 turn will have ? Diameter?

10×3.4 =34 angstrom (10 bp)
3.4 angstrom , 20 angstrom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleosome?

H1 (linker histone) + histone octamer + 200 bp DNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WHO DEVELOPED DNA FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUE?

ALEC JEFFREYS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Human Genome?

3164.7 million nucleotide bases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refer BIO.BOARD. MOLECULAR INHERITANCE. NOTION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

S strain and R strain full form?

Smooth colony and Rough colony

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bacteriophage?

Virus-infects bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average Gene:

3000 bases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Messeslson and Stahl used? Grew E.coli in? Centrifuged in?

Heavy isotope of N¹⁵ , ¹⁵NH4Cl , CsCl

Why is DNA more soluble than RNA?

Thymine

Transcription Unit

Promoter, structural gene, Terminator

Function of satellite DNA?

High degree of polymorphism

Largest Human Gene ...?

**[Dystrophin]: 2.4** million bases

Total number of genes =

30,000

how many nucleotides are same in all people ?

99.91

Genes: Function unknown?

>50%.

genome code for proteins?

<2%

Chromosome _____ has most genes. how many?

1 [2968]

Chromosome _____ has fewest genes. how many?

Y 231

SNPs found where?

1.4 Million location

student of Fredrich Miescher? what did he observe?

Altman, observed Pus Cell (WBC) FROM DISCARDED BANDAID

which position decides Ribose sugar or deoxy ribose sugar??

2 position

Nitrogen base is attached to ribose sugar at? with what bond?

C-1 , N-glycosidic Bond

konse position me phosphoric acid lagta hai?

5th position of the chain

nucleotide and phosphate bond attach with which bond?

Phosphoester bond

Two nucleotide attach each other with?

Phosphodiester bond

direction of phosphodiester bond?

3 prime to 5 prime

direction of polymerisation?

5 prime to 3 prime

Sugar phosphate is??

BACKBONE OF DNA

Acidic nature due to?

Phosphoric acid

negatively charged due to?

Phosphoric acid

Chargaff's rule is applicable on?

ds DNA only

The coiling of Dna..? is in ______

Bdna, right handed fashion (clockwise)

one complete turn / pitch of helix?

10 bp, 10*2= 20 NB 10= pur, 10= pyr

Distance between adjacent bp?

3.4 angstrom or 0.34 nm

pitch?

34 angstrom , 3.4 nm

angle between adjacent bp..?

36 degree

Length of DNA?

total no of base pair * 0.34nm

Nucleus ka diameter ?

10⁻⁶ m

length of DNA in E.coli?

1.36 mm

BASIC AMINO ACID OF EUKARYOTIC CELL?

BAAL BASIC AMINO ACID- LYSINE, ARGININE

HOW MANY HISTONES INVOLVED IN EUKARYOTIC CELL? WHAT R THEY

5 H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (YE NUMBERS SUBSCRIPT ME RAHENGE)

HOW MANY UNITS OF OCTAMER?

HOW MANY TURNS OF COILS OF DNA IN NUCLEOSOME?

1.75 TURNS

NO OF BASE PAIR IN NUCLEOSOME?

200 BP

WHAT IS NOT A PART OF NUCLEOSOME?

H₁ PROTEIN

Frederick Griffith worked on?

Streptococcus pneumonia

How many variants are there for Streptococcus pneumonia? Who is the host?

Two strain S strain and R strain Mice

First genetic material was?

RNA

genetic code is?? how many codons? MEANS??

triplet , 64 codons 3 nucleotide milke 1 amino acid ke liye code karte hain

64 codons for ______ ??

20 Amino acids

Severo Ochoa gave? FUNCTION?

severo ochoa enzyme 'RNA POLYMERASE ENZYME' (POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE) SYNTHESISE RNA IN TEMPLATE INDEPENDENT MANNER

Marshall Nirenberg what did he do?

Synthesised protein in cell free system AND DID A LOT OF KAAM...REFER MARATHON PDF

UUU codes for?

Phenylalanine

Hargobind Khorana...what did he do?

gave-mech-instrumental-RNA-synthesis synthesis-homopolymer and copolymer of RNA

HOW MANY TYPES OF CODON ARE THERE?

1. Sense codon 2. Non-sense codon

tRNA proposed by?

Francis Crick

2D STRC. Anticodon kaha jurega? With amino acid?shape?

ANTICODON MRNA SE JUREGA AMINO ACID 3 PRIME ME JUREGA CLOVER LEAF LIKE

Bond between amino acid ?

Peptide bond

Formation of Peptide bond done by?

Ribozyme/peptidyl transferase enzyme 23SrRNA 28SrRNA PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod worked on? gave?

E.coli , operon model

i-gene when binds with operator and lactose what does it show..?

off, on

Inducer means?

to switch it on

HGP HOW MANY YEARS? PROJECT COMPLETED IN? EXCEPT? ITS SEQUENCE COMPLETED IN?

13, 2003, CHR 1, MAY 2006 CHR 1 IS LOST OUT OF 24 CHROMOSOME TO BE SEQUENCED

HGP Cost of sequencing? Base pair to be sequenced? total estimated cost?

US$3 per bp 3*10⁹ bp 9 billion US dollars

Which methodology is used for gene sequencing?

Sequence annotation

0.1 percent is _______ base pair

3*10⁶ bp ( 3 million bp)

DNA FINGERPRINTING NEVER MATCHES EXCEPT?

monozygotic twins

major peak, minor peak is representing? Which is the basis of DNA fingerprinting?

bulk genomic DNA, Satellite DNA SATELLITE DNA

Length of VNTR?

0.1-20 kb

konsi frequency se we know that variation is considered as DNA polymorphism?

greater than 0.01