Molecular Biology 2.1 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Molecular Biology
Study of the structure and functions of molecules that are essential to life. Explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved
Organic compound
Synthesised by living organisms, all carbon bases as a results of carbons ability to form a diversity of stable compounds
4 major classes of biomolecules
Amino acids, Fatty acids, Carbohydrates, Nucleobases
Urea
Main chemical compound found in urine
Can be artificially synthesised in a laboratory
Metabolism
The chemical change that take place in a cell or organism
Enzymes
Proteins that help speed up chemical processes in our body
Catabolic
Break down complex molecules into simples ones which breaks covalent bonds therefore releasing energy
They do so through hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more covalent bondsi
Anabolic
Reactions that need energy
Use energy to create complex and larger molecules from smaller blocks
They do so through condensation
Condensation
Change in the state of matter from gas to liquid
Condensation vs Hydrolysis
Condensation
- Energy consumed
- Covalent bond formed
- Water removed
- Monomer to Polymer
Hydrolysis
- Energy released
- Covalent bond broken
- Water added
- Polymer to monomer
Simple sugars
Building blocks of carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
Monosaccharides include
Glucose(6 sided) hexose, Ribose(5 sided) pentose
Fatty acids
Chains of hydrogen and carbon are the building blocks of lipids and fats
Found in tails of phospholipids
Amino Acids
aminose group, r group, carboxil group
Monomers join via
peptide bonds to form dipeptides and proteins
