Molecular Biology of Blood Typing

Question 0

Blood type A

Answer 0

n-acetylgalactosamine

Question 1

Glycosyltransferase

Answer 1

expressed by the gene

leads to oligosaccharide antigens

Question 2

Blood type B

Answer 2

galactose

Question 3

Blood type O

Answer 3

missing extra ring (galactose or n-acetylgalactosamine)
why is it not considered foreign by A and B bloodtypes?
because O looks like the precursor of type A and B. It is a naturally-occurring surface marker on the cells–your body will just add the missing sugar

Question 4

beta 1-3 linkage

Answer 4

typical link in oligosaccharide antigens

Question 5

A vs. O mutation

Answer 5

deletion of guanine resulting in frameshift mutation with no activity (cannot transfer a sugar)

Question 6

Blood type Hh

Answer 6

O antigen is also H, the precursor
missing fucose (no fucose transferase. blood type O and all the other blood types have fucose)
Anti A, Anti B, Anti O antibodies

Question 7

Rh +/-

Answer 7

refers to the D type
most people are positive
variations in terms of percentages

Question 8

RhD protein

Answer 8

encodes the D antigen

Question 9

RhCE protein

Answer 9

encodes for C/c antigen in the 2nd extracellular loop

and the E/e antigen on the 4th extracellular loop

Question 10

Rh antigens importance

Answer 10

membrane integrity

mild hemolytic anemia without Rh complex

Question 11

Rh -

Answer 11

missing RhD genr but may still have RhCE alleles