Molecular Compounds & Polyatomic Ions

Question 1

What is a monatomic ion?

Answer 1

Ions formed from only one atom

Question 2

What are polyatomic ions composed of?

Answer 2

Electrically charged molecules (a group of bonded atoms with an overall charge)

Question 3

What are oxyanions?

Answer 3

Polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms

Question 4

What is the chemical formula for ammonium?

Answer 4

NH4+

Question 5

What is the chemical formula for hydronium?

Answer 5

H3O+

Question 6

What is the chemical formula for hydroxide?

Answer 6

OH-

Question 7

What is the chemical formula for acetate?

Answer 7

CH3COO-

Question 8

What is the chemical formula for nitrate?

Answer 8

NO3-

Question 9

What is the chemical formula for permanganate?

Answer 9

MnO4-

Question 10

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen carbonate?

Answer 10

HCO3-

Question 11

What is the chemical formula for carbonate?

Answer 11

CO32-

Question 12

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen sulfate?

Answer 12

HSO4-

Question 13

What is the chemical formula for sulfate?

Answer 13

SO42-

Question 14

What is the chemical formula for phosphate?

Answer 14

PO43-

Question 15

What are two suffixes that can be used to designate polyatomic ions?

Answer 15

-ate and -ite

Question 16

What does is per- short for and what does it mean?

Answer 16

Short for hyper, meaning above

Question 17

What does hypo- mean

Answer 17

Under

Question 18

How are compounds classified as ionic or covalent (molecular)?

Answer 18

Classified on the basis of the bonds present in them

Question 19

When electrons are transferred and ions form, ____ ____ are a result of such.

Answer 19

Ionic bonds

Question 20

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 20

Electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and anions

Question 21

When electrons are “shared” and molecules form, ____ ____ are a result of such.

Answer 21

Covalent bonds

Question 22

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 22

The attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms

Question 23

True or False: Compounds containing polyatomic ions are named similarly to those containing only monatomic ions, except there is no need to change to an –ide ending, since the suffix is already present in the name of the anion.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False: Many ionic compounds contain polyatomic ions as the cation, anion, or both

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What charge do simple ionic compounds have?

Answer 25

Electrically neutral

Question 26

Why do we use parentheses in a formula?

Answer 26

To indicate a group of atoms that behave as a unit

Question 27

True or False: Because an ionic compound is not made up of single, discrete molecules, it may not be properly symbolized using a molecular formula. If false, what may you use instead?

Answer 27

True. Relative numbers of its constituent ions

Question 28

How are ionic compounds symbolized in a formula?

Answer 28

The relative numbers of its constituent ions symbolize the ionic compounds

Question 29

True or False: The bonding characteristics of inorganic covalent compounds are different from ionic compounds, and they are named using a different system as well.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The charges of cations and anions dictate what in ionic compounds?

Answer 30

Their ratios, so specifying names of ions provides sufficient information to determine their chemical formula

Question 31

How do we name a covalent compound as two nonmetallic elements are formed together?

Answer 31

Add prefixes to specify the numbers of atoms of each element. The name of the more metallic element (the one farther to the left and/or bottom of the periodic table) is first, followed by the name of the more nonmetallic element (the one farther to the right and/or top) with its ending changed to the suffix –ide.

Question 32

Name the following covalent compounds: A. SF6 B. N2O3 C. Cl2O7 D. P4O6

Answer 32

A. sulfur hexafluoride B. dinitrogen trioxide C. dichlorine heptoxide D. tetraphosphorus hexoxide

Question 33

What are the formulas for the following compounds: A. phosphorus pentachloride B. dinitrogen monoxide C. iodine heptafluoride D. carbon tetrachloride

Answer 33

A. PCl5 B. N2O C. IF7 D. CCl4

Question 34

True or False: Molecular compounds can form with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the definition of a polyatomic ion?

Answer 35

Ion composed of more than one atom

Question 36

What is the definition of a monoatomic ion?

Answer 36

Ion composed of one atom

Question 37

What is the definition of an oxyanion?

Answer 37

Polyatomic ion that contains one or more oxygen atoms

Question 38

What is the definition of an ionic bond?

Answer 38

Electrons are transferred to form an ionic compound held by electrostatic forces

Question 39

What is the definition of a covalent bond?

Answer 39

Electrons are shared to form a covalent compound held by attractive forces

Question 40

Write the formulas of the following compounds: A. chlorine dioxide B. dinitrogen tetraoxide C. potassium phosphide D. silver(I) sulfide E. aluminum nitride F. silicon dioxide

Answer 40

A. ClO2 B. N2O4 C. K3P D. Ag2S E. AlN F. SiO2

Question 41

Write the formulas of the following compounds: A. lithium carbonate B. sodium perchlorate C. barium hydroxide D. ammonium carbonate E. sulfuric acid F. calcium acetate G. magnesium phosphate H. sodium sulfite

Answer 41

A. Li2CO3 B. NaClO4 C. Ba(OH)2 D. (NH4)2CO3 E. H2SO4 F. Ca(C2H3O2)2 G. Mg3(PO4)2 H. Na2SO3

Question 42

Indicate whether each of the following compounds displays ionic bonding, covalent bonding, both, or neither. A. CH4 B. KBr C. F2 D. LiCH3COO

Answer 42

A. Covalent bonding B. Ionic bonding C. Covalent bonding D. Both

Question 43

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 43

By the sharing of electrons between two or more nonmetals

Question 44

True or False: Molecular compounds are neutral if the molecule contains no net charge

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Do polyatomic ions carry a net charge?

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

What do binary compounds contain?

Answer 46

Two different nonmetal elements

Question 47

What do the prefixes of the binary compounds show?

Answer 47

The number of each atom present

Question 48

What should we do if cation and anion charges are not equal?

Answer 48

Use multiple copies of one or both ions until the charges are equal