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CHEM 103 > Classifying States of Matter > Flashcards

Classifying States of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it important to classify states of matter?

A

The classification allows us to speak a common scientific language and understand why substances have certain characteristics.

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2
Q

What is an element (simple definition)

A

Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom

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3
Q

What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

What is an atom (simple definition)

A

Smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic properties of that element

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5
Q

What is a compound (simple definition)

A

Pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements

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6
Q

Chemical compounds have what type of chemical structure?

A

A unique and defined chemical structure

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7
Q

What are chemical compounds consisted of?

A

They consist of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together in a defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds

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8
Q

What are molecular compounds held together by?

A

Covalent bonds

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9
Q

What are salts held together by?

A

Ionic bonds

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10
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement that retains the composition and chemical characteristics of a compound

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11
Q

What are salts composed of?

A

Composed of electrically charged ions that are arranged in extended 3D networks

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12
Q

Definition of an atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination

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13
Q

What is one of the smallest things we can see with our unaided eyes?

A

A single thread of a spider web

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14
Q

True or False: It is rare to find collections of individual atoms

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Only a few elements consist of a collection of individual atoms that move about independently of each other

A

True

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16
Q

Which elements consist of a collection of individual atoms that move about independently of each other?

A

Helium, Neon, and Argon

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17
Q

Give an example of common elements that consists of units that have pairs of atoms?

A

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Chlorine

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18
Q

Definition of molecule

A

Consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds

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19
Q

What are chemical bonds?

A

Strong forces that join two or more atoms together

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20
Q

True or False: A molecule can consist of two or more identical atoms

A

True

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21
Q

True or False: A molecule can consist of two or more different atoms

A

True

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22
Q

How do we represent molecules?

A

We use chemical symbols and subscripts to indicate how much of each atom is present.

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23
Q

When displaying molecules, chemists typically use what?

A

A color scheme as a coding system to determine which elements are being used and displayed.

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24
Q

What are two broad categories that we can classify matter into?

A

Pure substances and mixtures

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25
What is a pure substance?
Substances with a constant composition where all specimens have exactly the same makeup and properties
26
True or False: We can divide pure substances into two categories
True
27
What are the two categories that we can divide pure substances into?
Elements and compounds
28
What is an element?
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes
29
What are some common/familiar examples of elements?
Iron, silver, gold, aluminum, sulfur, oxygen, and copper
30
About how many elements make up about 99% of the Earth's crust and atmosphere
11
31
True or False: A majority of elements on Earth are found in chemical combinations with other elements
True
32
True or False: About 1/4 of the elements on earth are found in the free state
True
33
What is a compound?
Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes
34
The breakdown by chemical changes can produce A. Elements B. Compounds C. Both D. All of the above
D. All of the above
35
Are the properties of combined elements different from those in the free, or uncombined, state?
Yes
36
What is a mixture?
A composition of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes
37
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture with a composition that varies from point to point
38
Are homogeneous mixtures and solutions the same thing?
Yes
39
What is a homogenous mixture?
A uniform composition that appears visually the same throughout
40
What is a solution?
A uniform composition that appears visually the same throughout
41
What are some examples of homogenous mixtures?
Air, maple syrup, saltwater, vinegar, and gasoline
42
What are some examples of heterogenous mixtures?
Salad, soil, mixed nuts, oil and water, ice cubes in a drink, rocks in sand, and muddy puddle.
43
How can water be broken down?
Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gases by the addition of energy
44
What does the breakdown of water involve?
A rearrangement of atoms in water molecules into different molecules
45
Is oxygen flammable?
No, but is it required for combustion of a fuel
46
Is hydrogen flammable?
Yes, it is highly flammable and a potent energy source
47
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called?
Properties
48
What is a physical property?
A characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in chemical composition
49
What are some examples of physical properties?
Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.
50
True or False: Melting and freezing temperatures can only be observed as matter undergoes a physical change
True
51
What is a physical change?
A change in state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in its chemical composition (the identities of the substances contained in the matter)
52
What are some instances where we observe a physical change occurring?
Wax melting, sugar dissolving into coffee, and steam condensing into liquid water
53
What is crucial to understanding physical change vs. chemical change?
Physical changes involve a change in the physical state/form/properties of the substance, but there is no change in the chemical composition
54
What is a chemical property?
The change of one type of matter into another type of matter (or the inability to change)
55
What are examples of chemical properties?
Flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, and heat of combustion
56
How do we identify a chemical property?
We look for a chemical change
57
What is a chemical change?
A change that always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change
58
What are some examples of chemical changes?
The formation of rust, all forms of combustion (burning), and food being cooked/digested or rotting
59
True or False: Properties can be used to sort elements into three classes
True
60
What are the three classes that elements can be sorted into?
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
61
What are metals?
Elements that conduct heat and electricity well
62
What are nonmetals?
Elements that poorly conduct heat and electricity
63
What are metalloids?
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
64
How does an element different from a compound? How are they similar?
An element cannot be divided further, but a compound can since it contains more than two elements. Both can be very abundant naturally and can be classified as pure substances.
65
How do molecules of elements and molecules of compounds differ? In what ways are they similar?
Molecules of elements contain only one type of atom while molecules of compounds contain two or more types of atoms. They are similar in that both are comprised of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
66
True or False: Compounds consists of atoms of two or more different elements
True
67
True or False: A particle can be classified as an element or molecule, but not both
False
68
Classify the following as an element or compound A. Copper B. Water C. Nitrogen D. Sulfur E. Sucrose F. A substance composed of molecules each of with contains two iodine atoms
A. Element B. Compound C. Element D. Element E. Compound F. Element
69
A sulfur atom and sulfur molecule are not the identical. What is the difference?
A sulfur molecule is multiple atoms of sulfur
70
How are molecules in oxygen gas, the molecules in hydrogen gas, and water molecules similar? How do they differ?
In each case, a molecule consists of two or more combined atoms. They differ in that the types of atoms change from one substance to the next.
71
Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical changes A. Condensation of steam B. Burning of gasoline C. Souring of milk D. Dissolving of sugar in water E. Melting of gold
A. Physical B. Chemical C. Chemical D. Physical E. Physical
72
The volume of a sample of oxygen gas changed from 10 mL to 11mL as the temperature changed. Is this a chemical or physical change?
Physical change
73
A 2.0 L volume of hydrogen gas combined with 1.0 L of oxygen gas to produce 2.0 L of water vapor. Does oxygen undergo a chemical or physical change?
Chemical change
74
Which of the following statements are true of hydrogen gas (H2)? A. H2 is an element B. H2 is an atom C. H2 is a compound D. H2 is a molecule E. H2 is an ionic salt
A, D
75
Which of the following statements are true of water (H2O)? A. H2O is an element B. H2O is an atom C. H2O is a compound D. H2O is a molecule E. H2O is an ionic salt
C, D
76
Which of the following statements are true of table salt (NaCl)? A. NaCl is an element B. NaCl is an atom C. NaCl is a compound D. NaCl is a molecule E. NaCl is an ionic salt
C, E
77
Which of the following statements are true of neon (Ne)? A. Ne is an element B. Ne is an atom C. Ne is a compound D. Ne is a molecule E. Ne is an ionic salt
A, B

CHEM 103 (16 decks)

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