Molecular genetics Flashcards
(52 cards)
differentiation is when cells begin to form __ structures
specific and specialized
____________________ is when cells begin to form specific and specialized structures
differentiation
growth is when cell divisions form more cells with __ function as parent cell
identical
________________ is when cell divisions form more cells with identical function as parent cell
growth
craniofacial malformations that can occur during embryonic development
-crouson
-apent
-pfeiffer
-clefting syndrome
what period of growth (fetal) has the highest sensitivity?
3-8 weeks
most likely to have malformations
patterning is when cells are organized into layers known as __
gastrulation
craniofacial malformations have the highest chance of occurring during __ period
3-8 weeks (embryogenesis)
patterning needs to occur in __ dimensions
3
-anterior- posterior
-dorsal- ventral
-proximal- distal
bone mass traits that can occur during embryonic development
-scleroseosis and van buschem’s
-high bone mass and OPPG
-paget’s diease
tooth development disorders that can occur during embryonic development
-dentinogenesis imperfecta
-amelogenesis imperfecta
4 important concepts of embryonic developments
-universal mechanisms of animal development
-protein substitution
-inductive signaling
-regional determination
malocclusion syndromes that can occur during embryonic development
-Pierre- Robin
-Treacher Collins
-Marfan syndrome
tooth __ can occur during embryonic development
agenesis and movement
craniofacial anomalies account for __ all congenital defects
1/3
inductive signaling steps
-starting point
-cell- cell signaling
-cell signaling cascade
-acts over great distances
universal mechanisms of animal development the same proteins help mediate __ in different animals
cell interactions and gene regulation
with symmetric division sister cells become different __ due to influences acting on them
AFTER birth
__ defines the development program
regulatory DNA
gastrulation is when the embryo transforms from a single cell layer into __
three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
there are more than __ distinct craniofacial syndromes that occur in __ of all live births
700, 3%
social epigenomics is the impact of __ factors and how that manifests biologically through genetic changes
social and environmental
craniofacial development steps?
-Neural tube development
-Formation of layers
-Neural crest cell development
-Tissue-tissue interactions
-Tissue specific gene expression
-Reciprocal Induction
-Growth and mineralization of bones and teeth
-Neural development
-Muscle development
neural crest cells are located between the
neural tube and epidermis
