Molecular Genetics

Question 0

Amino Acids

Answer 0

An organic monocular processing both carboxyl and amino groups.

Question 1

Activator

Answer 1

A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates gene transcription.

Question 2

Anticodon

Answer 2

A nucleotide triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.

Question 3

Base paring rules

Answer 3

A T

C G

Question 4

Cell differentiation

Answer 4

The structural and functional divergence of cells as they becomes specialized during a multicellular organism development.

Question 5

Constitutive gene

Answer 5

A gene that is transcribed at a relatively constant level regardless of the cell environmental conditions.Unlike facultative genes that are transcribed only when needed, constitutive genes are expressed continuously. It is because constitutive genes such as housekeeping genes code for products with housekeeping functions in cells, e.g. maintaining the basic cell processes or structure.

Question 6

Coding strand

Answer 6

The opposite strand (that is, the strand with a base sequence directly corresponding to the mRNA sequence) is called the coding strand or the mRNA-like strand because the sequence corresponds to the codons that are translated into protein.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

A three nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or terminal signal; the basic unit of the genetic code

Question 8

DNA Ligase

Answer 8

A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of DNA fragment to the 5’ end of another DNA fragment

Question 9

DNA polymerase

Answer 9

An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain. There are several different DNA polymerases; III and DNA polymerase I play major roles in DNA replication.

Question 10

Embryonic induction

Answer 10

The influence exercised by parts of the embryo, which causes groups of cells to proceed along a particular path of development

Question 11

Exons

Answer 11

An exon is the portion of a gene that codes for amino acids. And will get expressed.

Question 12

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 12

Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge.

Question 13

Gene expression

Answer 13

The process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or in some cases, just RNAs.

Question 14

Gene induction

Answer 14

Activation of an inactive gene.

Question 15

Gene repression

Answer 15

The inhibition of a gene’s expression, this is typically caused by the change in the activity of a regulatory protein.

Question 16

Genetic code

Answer 16

Genetic code

relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesised from it. A sequence of three nucleic acid bases (a triplet) acts as a codeword (codon) for one amino acid.

Question 17

Genetic engineering

Answer 17

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purpose.

Question 18

Genetic transplantation

Answer 18

The field of biology and medicine relating to the genes that govern the acceptance or rejection of a transplant.

Question 19

Helicase

Answer 19

The enzyme that unzips the double helix DNA strand.

Question 20

Homeotic genes

Answer 20

A developmental gene that specifies the anterior-posterior axis, as well as segment identity during the early embryonic development of certain organisms, such as metazoans.

Question 21

HOX genes

Answer 21

Any of the developmental control genes involved in establishing the anterior-posterior axis and the identity of each body segment in organisms, especially during early embryonic development.

Question 22

Sample question

Answer 22

Sample answer